CALNE (Kawn), a market town and municipal borough in the Chippenham parliamentary division of Wiltshire, England, 99m. W. of London by the G.W.R. Pop. 3,463. Area, 356 acres. It lies in the valley of the Calne, and is surrounded by the high table-land of Salisbury Plain and the Marlborough Downs. In the loth century Calne (Canna, Kalne) was the site of a palace of the \Vest-Saxon kings. Here a synod met in 978 and a witenagemot was summoned in 997. In the Domesday Survey Calne was a royal borough with forty-seven burgesses. In 1565 the borough pos sessed a gild merchant. Calne claimed to have received a charter from Stephen and a confirmation of the same from Henry III.; the charter issued to the borough by James II. in 1687 apparently never came into force. The borough returned two members to par liament more or less irregularly from the first parliament of Ed ward I. until the Reform Bill of 1832. Other noteworthy build ings, besides the church of St. Mark, are a grammar school, founded by John Bentley in 166o, and the town-hall. Bacon curing is the staple industry.