CARLISLE, a borough of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., in the pleasant and fertile Cumberland valley, 18m. W. by S. of Harrisburg. It is on Federal highway 11, and is served by the Pennsylvania and the Reading railways. The population in 1930 was 12,596. It is the county seat, and a busy industrial centre, with a factory output in 1925 valued at $11,817,679. Rugs, carpets and shoes are the leading products.
Dickinson college, founded here in 1783 by John Dickinson (q.v.), Dr. Benjamin Rush (q.v.) and other citizens, is the sec ond oldest college in the State. Its oldest building (West college), designed by Latrobe, is a fine example of classic colonial architecture. Enrolment is restricted to 500, and the number of women to 25% of the entire student body. A medical field service school of the U.S. army now occupies a Government reservation where British prisoners were kept during the Revolutionary War, and which later was used successively for a cavalry post, for the famous Carlisle Indian school (established in 1879), and for a hospital during the World War. A guard-house built there by Hes sians captured in the battle of Trenton still stands.
Carlisle was laid out in 1751, and its stockade (Ft. Lowther) was a refuge for the pioneers of the Cumberland and the Juniata valleys. County and borough were named after Cumberland, England, and its county town. In 1794 Washington made Carlisle his headquarters during the "whisky rebellion" in western Pennsyl vania. It was the home of "Molly Pitcher," heroine of the battle of Monmouth. On the night of July 1, 1863, it was bombarded by Confederate troops. The borough was incorporated in 1872, and in 1921 adopted a commission-manager form of government. CARLOFORTE, a town of Sardinia, in the province of Cagliari, the capital of the small island (6 m. by 5 m.) of San Pietro (anc. Accipitrum or `IEpaKovvilaos, i.e., the hawk's island) off the west coast of Sardinia. Pop. (1931) 7,817. It lies on the east coast of the island, 6 m. west by sea from Porto Vesme, which is 15 m. S.W. by road from Iglesias. It was founded in 1737 by Charles Emmanuel III. of Savoy, who planted a colony of Genoese whose dialect and costume still prevail. In 1798 it was attacked by the Tunisians and 933 inhabitants were taken away as slaves. They were ransomed after five years and the place fortified. It is now a centre of the tunny fishery, and there are manganese mines, while most of the ore from the mines of the Iglesias district is shipped here. Three miles to the south-east is the island of S. Antioco (see SmLC1).