CANEVA, CARLO (1845-1922), Italian soldier, was born at Tarcento (Friuli) April 22, 1845, and entered the Italian army in 1866. He served in the African campaign of 1897, and in 1902 was promoted lieut.-general. Caneva commanded one side in the much-discussed manoeuvres of 191I, his opponent being Cadorna and it was probably owing to the result of the manoeu vres, in which Caneva was declared victor, that he was selected to command the Tripoli expeditionary force in Oct. 1911. Caneva was given a thankless task, being sent to occupy the coast towns in the belief that the Turkish garrison, unsupported by the tribesmen, could be easily overcome. He was recalled in Sept. 1912, and retired shortly afterwards. He presided over the com mission that was appointed to enquire into the Caporetto disaster of 1917. He died Sept. 25, 1922.