CARLOS I. (1863-1908), king of Portugal, the third sov ereign of Portugal of the line of Braganza-Coburg, son of King Louis I. and Maria Pia, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy, was born at Lisbon on Sept. 28, 1863. On May 22, 1886, he married Marie Amelie, daughter of Philippe, duc d'Orleans, Comte de Paris, and on the death of his father (Oct. 19, 1889) he succeeded to the throne of Portugal. In that year the British Government remonstrated against Portuguese encroachments in South Africa, and relations between the two countries were greatly strained for some time. The king's attitude at this crisis was conciliatory, and aided peaceful relations. King Carlos was an artist of some repute, and a keen student of oceanography. In May 1907 he suspended the constitution of Portugal and tem porarily appointed Senhor Franco as dictator for the execution of necessary reforms. Some discontent was aroused by this pro ceeding; this was increased by Franco's drastic measures, and on Feb. 1, 1908, King Carlos and his elder son, Louis, duke of Bra ganza (1887-1908), were assassinated whilst driving through the streets of Lisbon. The king was succeeded by his only surviving son, Manuel, duke of Beja (b. 1889), who took the title of Manuel II.
See L. de Colleville, Carlos ler intime (1906).