CARLOW, county town, Co. Carlow, Ireland, on the river Barrow. Pop. of urban district (192 6) 7,175. Little of the castle now remains. In the reign of Edward III. the king's exchequer was removed thither and money applied to building town walls. Early in Elizabeth's reign Rory Oge O'More burnt the town. Carlow submitted to Ireton in 1641 and was attacked in the in surrection of 1798. It obtained a charter of incorporation in the 13th century and was reincorporated by James I., returning two members to the Irish parliament. Two miles north-east of the town is an important dolmen and 3 m. W. is the church of Kille shin of Norman and pre-Norman date. Brewing and flour-milling are important and there is trade in dairy produce.