CARMAGNOLE, a word first applied to a Piedmontese peasant costume (from Carmagnola, the town in Italy) well known in the south of France, and brought to Paris by the revolu tionaries of Marseilles in 1793. It consisted of a short skirted coat with rows of metal buttons, a tricoloured waistcoat and red cap, and became the popular dress of the Jacobins. The name was then given to the famous revolutionary song, composed in 1792. Each verse of this ends with the refrain : Vive le son, wive le son, Dansons la Carmagnole, Vive le son Du Canon.