CARLOS, DON (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES) (1848 1909), prince of Bourbon, claimant, as Don Carlos VII., to the throne of Spain, was born at Laibach on March 3o, 1848, the son of Don Juan (John) of Bourbon and the archduchess Maria Beatrix, daughter of Francis IV., duke of Modena. Don Carlos was the grandson of the first pretender. He married in 1867, Princess Marguerite, daughter of the duke of Parma, and niece of the comte de Chambord, who bore him a son, Don Jaime, in 187o, and three daughters. Don Carlos boldly asserted his pretensions to the throne two years after the revolution of i868 had driven Queen Isabella II. and the other branch of the Bourbons into exile, but his supporters were routed at Oroquista by the troops of King Amadeus in 1872, and Don Carlos himself became a fugitive in the French Pyrenees. When the Federal republic was pro claimed on the abdication of King Amadeus, the Carlists, organ ized in guerrilla bands, many of them led by priests, had overrun Spain to such an extent that they held the interior of Navarre, the three Basque provinces, and a great part of Catalonia, Lower Aragon, and Valencia, and had made raids into Old Castile and Estremadura. Don Carlos re-entered Spain in July, 1873, and was present at the siege of Bilbao and at the battle near Estella on June 27, 1874, in which Marshal Concha was killed and the liberals were repulsed with loss. Twice he lost golden opportunities of making a rush for the capital in 1873, during the Federal republic, and of ter Concha's death. His cousin, Alphonso XII. being pro claimed king, the tide of war turned against him, and in 1875, the Carlist bands were swept out of central Spain and Catalonia and in March 1876 from the Navarre district. From that date Don Car los became a wanderer residing successively in England, Paris, Austria, and Italy. Two further chances of testing the power of his party in Spain came to him, but he failed to profit by them be cause of his lack of decision. The first was when he was invited to unfurl his flag on the death of Alphonso XII., when the perplexities of Castilian politics reached a climax during the first year of a long minority under a foreign queen-regent. The second was at the close of the war with the United States and after the loss of the colonies, when the discontent was so widespread that the Carlists were able to assure their prince that many Spaniards looked upon his cause as the solution of the national difficulties. After the death of his first wife in 1893, Don Carlos married, in 1894, Prin cess Marie Bertha of Rohan. He died at Varese, in Italy, on July 18, 1909.