CAIRD, JOHN (182o-1898), Scottish divine and philosopher, was born at Greenock on Dec. 15, 1820, and died July 3o, 1898. He was educated at Glasgow university, ordained in the Church of Scotland in 1845, and became professor of Divinity at Glasgow in 1862. In 1873 he was appointed vice-chancellor and principal of Glasgow university. His Introduction to the Philosophy of Reli gion (188o) is a reproduction of Hegelian teaching. His argument for the Being of God is based on the hypothesis that thought— not individual but universal—is the reality of all things, the exist ence of this Infinite Thought being demonstrated by the limitations of finite thought. Again his Gifford Lectures (1892-93 and are devoted to the proof of the truth of Christianity. Caird wrote also an excellent study of Spinoza, relating his doc trines to those of Hegel.