CARPENTER, MARY educational and so cial reformer, was born on April 3, 1807, at Exeter, the daughter of Dr. Lant Carpenter. She was educated in her father's school for boys, learning Latin, Greek and mathematics, and other subjects at that time not generally taught to girls. In 1829 she and her sisters opened a school for girls at Bristol, but the life work of Mary Carpenter began with her activities in organizing, in 1835, a "Working and Visiting Society," of which she was secretary for 20 years. In 1846 she started a school for poor children in Lewin's Mead and a night-school for adults. She published a memoir of Dr. Joseph Tuckerman of Boston, and a series of articles on ragged schools, which appeared in the Inquirer and were afterwards collected in book form. This was followed in 1851 by Reformatory Schools for the Children of the Perishing and Dangerous Classes, and for Juvenile Offenders, which advocated : (I) good free day-schc ols ; (2) feeding indus trial schools; (3) reformatory, schools. This book drew public attention to her work. She was consulted in the drafting of educational bills, and invited to give evidence before House of Commons committees. To test her theories, she herself started a reformatory school at Bristol, and in 1852 published Juvenile Delinquents, their Condition and Treatment, which largely as sisted the passing of the Juvenile Offenders Act (18S4). Miss Carpenter now returned to her plea for free day-schools, con tending that the ragged schools should receive a parliamentary grant. At the British Association meeting of 186o she read a paper on this subject, and mainly owing to her instigation, a conference on ragged schools in relation to Government grants for education was held at Birmingham (1861) . In 1866 Miss Carpenter made the first of her visits to India, and drew up a memorial to the governor-general dealing with female education, reformatory schools and the state of gaols. With the co-opera tion of native gentlemen, she established • a model school for Hindu girls. At the meeting of the prison congress in 1872 she read a paper on "Women's Work in the Reformation of Women Convicts." Her work now began to attract attention abroad. Princess Alice of Hesse summoned her to Darmstadt to organ ize a women's congress. Thence she went to Neuchatel to study the prison system of Dr. Guillaume, and in 1873 to America, where she was enthusiastically received. She died on June 14,