CAULONIA, a town of the district of the Bruttii, Italy, on the east coast, on the promontory Capo Stilo, near Monasterace (Gr. KavXcwvia) . It was the southernmost Achaean colony founded as an outpost of Croton or direct from Greece itself. In the 7th century it was allied with Croton and Sybaris, and coins, going back to 55o B.C., prove its importance. It took the side of Athens in the Peloponnesian War. In 389 B.C. it was destroyed by Dionysius, but soon afterwards restored. It was captured during the invasion of Pyrrhus by Campanian troops. Strabo speaks of it as deserted in his time. Excavations have revealed remains of the fortifications, with towers of the 7th-6th century B.C. A small temple must have stood near the lighthouse, and to it belonged architectural terra-cottas, and votive objects in the same material, especially small altars. The houses that have been found belong to a later period. Near the shore scanty remains of a large Doric temple (first half of 5th century B.c.) were found : also a trench full of architectural terra-cottas of this period. The tombs date from the 7th-3rd century B.C. but are poor.
See P. Orsi in Monumenti dei Lincei, xxiii. (1914) 685 seq.; xxix. seq.