CHARLES V. or IV. (1643-169o), duke of Lorraine, nephew of Duke Charles IV., was born on April 3, 1643. He was con stantly on active service in the imperial army against the Turks, and later against the French. He was twice (1668 and 1674) an unsuccessful candidate for the elective crown of Poland, being defeated the second time by John Sobieski ; in 1678 he married the widowed queen of Poland, Eleonora Maria of Austria. In 1675, on the death of Duke Charles IV., he rode with a cavalry corps into the duchy of Lorraine, then occupied by the French, and secured the adhesion of the Lorraine troops. Soon after this he was made general of the imperial army on the Rhine, and distinguished himself by the capture of Philipsburg in 1676. At the general peace Charles had to accept the hard conditions imposed by Louis XIV., and he never entered into effective possession of his sovereignty. In 1683, at the head of a weak imperial army, he offered resistance to the advance of the Turks on Vienna. At the critical moment, when the Turks finally in vested Vienna on July 13, 1683, reinforcements from other powers poured into Charles's camp, and with the aid of John Sobieski and his 27,00o Poles, Charles routed the Turks on Sept. 12, and relieved Vienna. The victors then took the offensive and recon quered part of Hungary; the Germans and Poles went home in the winter, but Charles continued his offensive with the imperial army alone. In 1685 Neuhausel was taken by storm, and in 1686 he resumed the siege of Of en (Buda), which he had failed to take in 1684. On Sept. 2, 1686, Of en was stormed, and in the following campaign the Austrians won a decisive victory on the famous field of Mohacs (Aug. 18, 1687). In 1689 Charles took the field on the Rhine against Louis XIV. Mainz and Bonn were taken in the first campaign, but Charles died suddenly, on his way to the front, at Wels on April 18, 1690. His eldest son. Leopold Joseph (1679-1729), obtained the duchy at the peace of Ryswick in 1697.