CHARLOTTESVILLE, a city in the beautiful Piedmont region of Virginia, U.S.A., on the Rivanna river, Tom. W.N.W. of Richmond; the county seat of Albemarle county, but administra tively independent of it. It is served by the Chesapeake and Ohio, and the Southern railways. The population in 1920 was 10,688, of whom 2,947 were negroes, and was 15,245 in 193o Federal cen sus. It is the seat of the University of Virginia (q.v.) and the trade centre of an agricultural district noted for its fine apples and peaches. There is a law-book publishing house, and several manu facturing industries, with an output valued in 1925 at On a hill 3m. E., visible from all parts of the city, is Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson from 177o until his death, now a national memorial. The house, in a setting of great beauty, was planned by Jefferson and built under his personal supervision. It is one of the most interesting and picturesque examples of colonial architecture, and embodies many ingenious devices of its versatile designer. His grave is on the estate. Mirador, the birthplace of Lady Astor, is about 2om. W. of the city. The site of Charlottes ville was a part of the Castle Hill estate of Thomas Walker . The town (named after Queen Charlotte) was in corporated in 1762. In 1888 it was chartered as a city, inde pendent of the county. It has a commission manager form of government. In 1779-80 about 4,000 of Burgoyne's troops, sur rendered under the Convention of Saratoga, were quartered here. In June 1781, Tarleton raided the town and vicinity, destroying the public records and nearly capturing Jefferson. Jefferson owed his escape to the warning brought by a young Virginian soldier, Jack Jouett, who rode 4om. across rough country through the night to outstrip Tarleton, after accidentally getting a clue to his plans through conversation overheard at a tavern.