CHARTERHOUSE, a corruption of the French maison chartreuse, a religious house of the Carthusians (q.v.). The name is found in various places in England (e.g., Charterhouse-on-Men dip, Charterhouse Hinton) where the Carthusians were established, but is most familiarly applied to the Charterhouse, London. Near the old city wall, west of the modern thoroughfare of Aldersgate, a Carthusian monastery was founded in 1371 by Sir Walter de Manny. After its dissolution in 1535, the property was occupied for a time by Queen Elizabeth (in 1558) and by James I. In May 1611 the Charterhouse came into the hands of Thomas Sutton (1532-1611) of Snaith, Lincolnshire. He acquired a fortune by the discovery of coal on two estates which he had leased near Newcastle-on-Tyne, and afterwards, removing to London, he carried on a commercial career. In 1611, the year of his death, he endowed a hospital on the site of the Charterhouse, calling it the hospital of King James and in his will he bequeathed money to maintain a chapel, hospital (almshouse) and school. The will was hotly contested but upheld in court, and the foundation was finally constituted to afford a home for 8o male pensioners and to edu cate 4o boys. The school developed beyond the original intentions of its founder, and now ranks as a public school. In 1872 it was removed to new buildings near Godalming in Surrey. The pen sioners still occupy the picturesque buildings of mellowed red brick, which include a panelled chapel, in which is the founder's tomb, the fine dining-hall—rebuilt by the monks about 1520—the old library and the great staircase.