CHELMNO (German Kulm), a small town of Poland, in the province of Pomorze (Pomerania), 1m. E. of the Vistula. It is surrounded by 13th century walls, and contains some interesting churches, two Roman Catholic and two Protestant, and a mediae val town-hall. There are large oil mills and an important trade in agricultural produce, including fruit and vegetables. Granted in 1226 by Conrad of Mazovia to the Teutonic Order, it became the base for their conquest of Prussia and the seat of the first Prussian bishopric. It always retained a large Polish population, which revolted against the Order and was re-annexed to Poland by the peace of Thorn in 1466. It was part of Prussia from to 1918. It was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League and used to carry on extensive manufactures of cloth.