CHELYABINSK, a county and town in the Uralsk area of the Russian S.F.S.R. The county has an area of 27,68osq.km. Pop. (1926) 496,072, entirely rural except for the town of Chel yabinsk. It is dotted with forest, marsh and lake, but 59.2% is under cultivation (wheat, oats, rye, millet, peas, etc.). Cattle, sheep, horses and pigs are reared and coal is mined, 200,000 tons being extracted in 1924-25, a total in excess of the pre-war pro duction. There are flour mills, brandy distilleries, breweries and other factories for food products. The town of Chelyabinsk, lat. 8' N., long. 61° 35' E., pop. (1926) 59,203, is an important trading centre for coal and Siberian grain. Manufactures of agricultural implements and leather goods are carried on, and the town has an elevator and a radio-station. It is connected by rail with the north through Sverdlovsk (formerly Ekaterinburg), with the east, as the beginning of the trans-Siberian railway, and with the west through Zlatoust and Ufa. It was founded in 1658. Dur ing the Civil War following the 1917 revolution Chelyabinsk was for a time the headquarters of the Czechoslovak legion and the scene of much internecine warfare.