CHAULIEU, GUILLAUME AMFRYE DE (1639 1720), French poet and wit, was born at Fontenay, Normandy. His father, maitre des comptes of Rouen, sent him to study at the College de Navarre. Louis Joseph, duke of Vendome, and his brother Philippe, grand prior of the Knights of Malta in France, at that time had a joint establishment at the Temple, where they gathered round them a very gay and reckless circle. Chaulieu received the abbey of Aumate and other benefices from the duke; and became the constant companion and adviser of the two princes. He made an expedition to Poland in the suite of the marquis de Bethune, but returned to Paris without securing any advancement. In his later years Chaulieu spent much time at the little court of the duchesse du Maine at Sceaux. There he became the trusted and devoted friend of Mdlle. Delaunay. Among his poems the best known are "Fontenay" and "La Re traite." Chaulieu's works were edited, with those of his friend the marquis de la Fare, in 1714, 1750 and 1774. See also C. A. Sainte-Beuve, Causeries du lundi, vol. i.; and Lettres inedites (1850), with a notice by Raymond, marquis de Berenger.
(1763-1794), French revolutionary, was born at Nevers on May 24, 1763. Until the Revolution he lived a somewhat wandering life, inter esting himself particularly in botany. He was a student of medi cine at Paris in 1790, became one of the orators of the club of ' the Cordeliers, and contributed anonymously to the Revolutions de Paris. As member of the insurrectionary Commune of Aug. 20, 1792, he was delegated to visit the prisons, with full power to arrest suspects. He was elected president of the Commune, defending the municipality in that capacity at the bar of the Convention on Oct. 31, 1792. Chaumette was one of the ring leaders in the attacks of May 31 and of June 2, 1793, on the Girondists, towards whom he showed himself relentless. He was one of the promoters of the worship of Reason, and on Nov. 1 o, 1793, he presented the goddess to the Convention in the guise of an actress. On the 23rd he obtained a decree closing all the churches of Paris, and placing the priests under strict surveil lance; but on the 25th he retraced his steps and obtained from the Commune the free exercise of worship. Robespierre had him accused with the Hebertists; he was arrested, imprisoned in the Luxembourg, condemned by the Revolutionary tribunal and exe cuted on April
Chaumette was an ardent social re former; he secured the abolition of corporal punishment in the schools, the suppression of lotteries, of houses of ill-fame and of obscene literature; he instituted reforms in the hospitals, and in sisted on the honours of public burial for the poor.
See Memoires de Chaumette sur la Revolution du io aof1t 1792, ed., with biographical intro. by F. A. Aulard (1893).
