CHARCOT, JEAN MARTIN (1825-1893), French phy sician, was born in Paris on Nov. 29, 1825. In 1853 he took his M.D. at Paris, and three years later was appointed physician of the Central Hospital Bureau. In 186o he became professor of pathological anatomy in the medical faculty of Paris, and in 1862 began his famous connection with the Salpetriere where he created the greatest neurological clinic of modern times. As re gards hysteria, which he defined as a psychosis superinduced by ideation, he threw the sexual theory into disrepute and studied the disease in relation to hypnotism. In muscular atrophy he differentiated between the ordinary wasting and the rarer amyo thropic lateral sclerosis (18 74) and described with Pierre Marie the progressive neural or peroneal type (1886). He differentiated the essential lesions of locomotor ataxia and described both the gastric crisis and the joint affections (Charcot's disease). He separated multiple sclerosis from paralysis agitans. In diseases of the brain, the most notable contributions were his articles on cerebral localization, the studies of aphasia and the discovery of the miliary aneurisms and their importance in cerebral haemor rhage. He also published writings on senile diseases, liver and kid ney diseases, gout, chronic pneumonia and tuberculosis. Charcot greatly promoted the study of medicine in art (see : Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpetriere, 1888). He died on Aug. 16, 1893.
His best known works are Lecons sur les maladies du systeme nerveux, 5 vols. (1872-93) and Lecons du mardi a la Salpetriere, 2 vols. (1889-9o).