CAVAGNARI, SIR PIERRE LOUIS NAPOLEON (1841-1879), British military administrator, the son of a French general by his marriage with an Irish lady, was born at Stenay, Meuse, on July 4, 1841. He obtained naturalization as an Eng lishman, and entered the military service of the East India Com pany. He served through the Oudh campaign against the muti neers in 1858 and 1859. In 1861 he was appointed an assistant commissioner in the Punjab, and in 1877 became deputy com missioner of Peshawar and took part in several expeditions against the hill tribes. In 1878 he was attached to the staff of the Brit ish mission to Kabul, which the Afghans refused to allow to pro ceed. In May 1879, after the death of the amir Shere Ali, Cavagnari negotiated and signed the treaty of Gandamak with his successor, Yakub Khan. By this the Afghans agreed to admit a British resident at Kabul, and Cavagnari was appointed. He took up his residence in July, and for a time all seemed to go well, but on Sept. 3 Cavagnari and the other European members of the mission were massacred in a sudden rising of mutinous Afghan troops. (See AFGHANISTAN.)