CHINWANGTAO, 56' N. 119° 38' E., a treaty port on the shores of the Gulf of Liao-tung in north-east China; the port was created by, and the harbour is the property of, the Kailan Mining Administration, which works the Kaiping coalfield some 1 oo miles away. Export trade originates almost entirely from the coalfield and comprises not only coal but also coke, firebricks and cement manufactured at Tangshan, the new indus trial town on the coalfield. Chinwangtao derives further signifi cance from its character as the only ice-free port on the flat western shores of the shallow Gulf of Liao-tung. It has there f ore developed as a winter out-port to Tientsin, and to a lesser extent to Newchwang as well. This out-port function is not now quite as important as at the beginning of the present century. The navigation of the Hai-ho can now be kept open whenever the winds are off shore and much of the trade that formerly went through Newchwang has since the advent of the Japanese been diverted through the ice-free Dairen. The port was first opened to foreign trade in 1901. The total trade in 1926 amounted to Hk. Tls. 15,465,421, of which about 6o% was exports (the proportion of exports would be much greater if figures of weight instead of values were given) and of which foreign imports con stituted only Hk. Tls. 1,925,060. The activities of the port are therefore connected with the coasting trade within the Far East rather than with the international trade between the Far East and the rest of the world.