CHOLONAN, a linguistic stock of South American Indians, so called from the Cholones, its most important tribe. The Cho lonan Indians live in eastern Peru, between the eastern crest of the Andes and the upper Huallaga river, from the Monzon in the south to the Mayo in the north. Missions were established among them in the i7th century, so that they have now largely lost their original culture. They are sedentary agriculturists, and still retain the use of the blow-gun, widely distributed among the neighbour ing tribes to the north and east. They live in cane-walled, thatched-roof houses, but, unlike their neighbours to the north and east, do not use the hammock for sleeping. They appear to have had elaborate puberty ceremonies for the young men.