CHUMASH, the natives of the Santa Barbara coast and islands, California. When discovered by Cabrillo in 1542, and missionized from 1771 on, they numbered perhaps 8,000–io,000, but were virtually extinct by 19oo. They made sea-going plank canoes, harpoons and spear-throwers, many shell ornaments and fine baskets. Technologically they ranked with their neighbours, the Gabrielino, at the head of all Californian tribes. Their society and religion are almost unknown, but may be assumed as similar to those of the Gabrielino.