CLOWN, a rustic or boorish person; in pantomime, a comic character, always dressed in baggy costume, with face whitened and eccentrically lined with black and red paint. The character probably descends from representations of the devil in mediaeval miracle-plays, developed through the fools or jesters of the Elizabethan drama. The whitened face and baggy costume indi cate a connection also with the Pierrot of Italian comedy. The prominence of the clown in pantomime (q.v.) is a comparatively modern development as compared with that of Harlequin. CLOYNE, small market town, Co. Cork, Ireland, 15 m. E.S.E. of the city of Cork. Pop. (1926) 712. An ecclesiastical founda tion of the 6th century, it has an ancient oratory and a cathedral (mainly 14th century) dedicated to St. Colman, disciple of St. Finbar of Cork. Opposite the cathedral is a fine round tower Ioo ft. high. The town suffered from Scandinavian raids in the 9th century and was laid waste by Dermot O'Brian in 1071 and burned in 1137. In 143o the bishopric was united to that of Cork, in 1638 it became independent, and in 1660 it was again united to Cork and Ross. It became independent once more in 1678 and so continued until its reunion with Cork in 1835. The name Cluain-Uamha signifies "the meadow of the cave," from the limestone caves of the vicinity. The Pipe Roll of Cloyne compiled by Bishop Swaffham in 1364 is a valuable record of mediaeval land tenure. It is now in the Record Office, Dublin, and was edited by Caulfield in 1859. The cathedral contains a memorial to Bishop Berkeley, the philosopher The town gives its name also to a Roman Catholic diocese with a cathedral at Cobh.