CIALDINI, ENRICO (1811-1892), Italian s•idier, politi cian and diplomatist, was born in Castelvetro, Modena. In 1831 he took part in the insurrection at Modena, fleeing afterwards to Paris, whence he proceeded to Spain to fight against the Carlists. Returning to Italy in 1848, he commanded a regiment at the battle of Novara. In 1859 he organized the Alpine brigade, fought at Palestro at the head of the 4th Division, and in the following year invaded the marches, won the battle of Castelfidardo, took Ancona, and subsequently directed the siege of Gaeta. In 1861 his intervention envenomed the Cavour-Garibaldi dispute. Placed in command of the troops sent to oppose the Garibaldian expedi tion of 1862, he defeated Garibaldi at Aspromonte. Between 1862-66 he held the position of lieutenant-royal at Naples, and in 1864 was created senator. On the outbreak of the war of 1866 he resumed command of an army corps, but dissensions between him and La Marmora contributed to the defeat of Custozza. In he attempted unsuccessfully to form a cabinet sufficiently strong to prevent the threatened Garibaldian incursion into the papal States, and two years later failed in a similar attempt, through disagreement with Lanza concerning the army estimates. On Aug. 3, 187o, he pleaded in favour of Italian intervention in aid of France, a circumstance which enhanced his influence when in July 1876 he replaced Nigra as ambassador to the French re public. This position he held until 1882, when he resigned on ac count of the publication by Mancini of a dispatch in which he had complained of arrogant treatment by M. Waddington. He died at Leghorn, on Sept. 8, 1892.
See G. Marcotti, Il Generale Enrico Cialdini (Florence, 1892) ; N. Nisco, Il Generale Cialdini e i suoi tempi (Naples, 1893) ; Prince Adam Wiszniewski, Le General Cialdini, etc. (1913).