Extinct Bats

EXTINCT BATS Several of the earlier extinct species appear to be related to the Rhinolophidae. Remains of Pteropodidae belonging to exist ing genera have been found in the warmer parts of the eastern hemisphere; and an extinct generic type, Archaeopteropus, has been obtained from the Miocene lignite of Italy, which appears to be transitional between the typical fruit-bats and the insectiv orous bats. Of the Oligocene forms Pseudorhinolophus of Europe is apparently a member of the Rhinolophidae ; but the affinities of Alastor and Vespertiliavus, which are likewise European, are more doubtful. The North American Vespertilio anemophilus and the European V. aquensis and V. parisiensis are, on the other hand, members of the Vespertilionidae.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.-H.

Winge, Jord f undee og nulevende Flagermus Bibliography.-H. Winge, Jord f undee og nulevende Flagermus (Chiroptera) (Copenhagen, 1892), contains much valuable informa tion; and for the Pteropodidae, P. Matschie, Megachiroptera (Berlin, 1899) and K. Andersen, British Museum Catalogue, vol. i., Mega chiroptera should be consulted. For the rest the student must refer to numerous papers by G. M. Allen, K. Andersen, F. A. Jentink, G. S. Miller, T. S. Palmer, A. G. Rehn, O. Thomas and others, chief amongst which is "The Families and Genera of Bats," U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. (1907) by G. S. Miller. (J. G. D.)