CLEMENTS, FREDERIC EDWARD (1874— ), American plant oecologist, was born in Lincoln, Neb., Sept. 16, 1874. He graduated in 1894 at the University of Nebraska from which in 1898 he received the degree of doctor of philosophy. From 1894 to 1906 he was instructor and associate professor of botany and in 1906-07 he was professor of plant physiology, at the University of Nebraska. He was professor of botany and head of the botanical department in the University of Minnesota from 1907 to 1917 when he was made associate in charge of oecological re search in the Carnegie Institution of Washington. He has con ducted extensive investigations in oecology, palaeo-oecology, ex perimental evolution and climatology. Among his published works are : The Phytogeography of Nebraska, with Roscoe Pound (1898, 2nd ed., 1900) ; Development and Structure of Vegetation (19o4) ; Research Methods in Ecology (1906) ; Plant Physiology and Ecology (1907) ; Minnesota Mushrooms (Iwo); Rocky Moun tain Flowers, with Edith Clements (1913) ; Plant Succession (1916) ; Plant Indicators (1920) ; The Phylogenetic Method in Taxonomy, with H. M. Hall (1923) ; Plant Succession and Indi cators (1927) ; and Flower Families and Ancestors (1927).