QUINTUS TULLIUS CICERO (c. 67-43 B.C.), son of Quintus Tullius Cicero (brother of the orator). He accompanied his uncle Marcus to Cilicia, and, in the hope of obtaining a reward, repaid his kindness by informing Caesar of his intention of leav ing Italy. After the battle of Pharsalus he joined his father in abusing his uncle as responsible for the condition of affairs, hop ing thereby to obtain pardon from Caesar. After the death of Caesar he attached himself to Mark Antony, but, owing to some fancied slight, he deserted to Brutus and Cassius. He was in cluded in the proscription lists, and was put to death with his father in 43. In his last moments he refused under torture to disclose his father's hiding-place. His father, who in his conceal ment was a witness of what was taking place, thereupon gave himself up, stipulating that he and his son should be executed at the same time.
impossible to mention more than a few works Bibliography.-It is impossible to mention more than a few works as the literature is so vast. (I) Historical.—J. L. Strachan-Davidson, Cicero and the Roman Republic (Heroes of the Nations series,
; G. Boissier, Ciceron et ses amis (1865) • W. Warde Fowler, Social Life at Rome (1908) ; introduction to R. V. Tyrrell and L. C. Purser's edition of the letters (1904-18) ; Th. Zielinski, Cicero im Wandel der Jahrhunderte (3rd ed., Leipzig, 1912). (2) Literary.—M. Schanz, Geschichte der romischen Literatur, i., 194-274 (Munchen, 1890). (3) Linguistic.—H. Merguet, Lexikon zu den Schriften Ciceros (Jena,
; J. Le Breton, Etudes sur la longue et la grammaire de Ciceron (1901) ; E. Norden, Die antike Kunstprosa (Leipzig, 1898) ; Th. Zielinski, "Das Clauselgesetz in Ciceros Reden" in Philologus (Leipzig, 1904) ; L. Laurand, Etudes sur le style des discours de Ciceron (19o7). Much information on points of Ciceronian idiom and language will be found in J. S. Reid's Academica (London, 1885), de Finikus, i.—ii. (Cambridge, 1925) and G. Landgraf's Pro Sext. Roscio (Erlangen, 1884). (4) Legal.—A. H. J. Greenidge, The Legal Pro cedure of Cicero's Time (Oxford, 19o1). (5) Philosophical.—An excel lent account of Cicero as a philosopher is given in the preface to Reid's editions of the Academica. (6) Editions (critical) of the com plete texts.—Baiter-Halm (1845-61) ; C. F. W. Muller (188o-96) ; Oxford Classical Texts. (A. C. C.)
