COURNOT, ANTOINE AUGUSTIN French economist and mathematician, was appointed assistant professor at the Academy of Paris in 1831, professor of mathe matics at Lyons in 1834, rector of the Academy of Grenoble in 1835, inspector-general of studies in 1838, rector of the Academy of Dijon and honorary inspector-general in 1854, retiring in 1862. Cournot was the first economist who, with a competent knowledge of both subjects, endeavoured to apply mathematics to the treatment of economic questions. His Recherches sur les principes mathematiques de la theorie des richesses (Eng. trans. by N. T. Bacon, with bibliography of mathematics of economics by Irving Fisher, 1897) was published in 1838. He mentions in it only one previous enterprise of the same kind—though there had in fact been others—that, namely, of Nicholas Francois Canard (c. 1750-1833), whose book, Principes d'economie politique (1802), was crowned by the French Academy, though "its prin ciples were radically false as well as erroneously applied." The foundations of the mathematical treatment of economic questions laid by Cournot, provided the essential basis of much of the work of later economists. Some of his conclusions on the theory of price, on the principles of taxation, on foreign exchanges, and other questions which he discussed have not been accepted by later students, but the Recherches remains a classic which still provides the best mathematical statement of certain problems. Other works of Cournot's were Traite elementaire de la theorie des fonctions et du calcul infinitesimal (1841) ; Exposition de la theorie des chances et des probabilites (1843) ; De l'origine et des limites de la correspondence entre l'algebre et la geometrie (1847) ; Traite de l'enchainement des idees fondamentales dans les sciences et dans l'histoire (1861) ; Principes de la theories des richesses (1863) ; and Revue sommaire des doctrines economiques (1877).