CUMBERLAND, the second largest city of Maryland, U.S. A., on the Potomac river, in the north-western part of the State; the county seat of Allegheny county. It is on Federal highways 40 and 220; has an aeroplane landing field, Mexico Farms; and is served by the Baltimore and Ohio, the Cumberland and Pennsyl vania, the Pennsylvania, and the Western Maryland railways. The population in 1920 was 29,837 (91 native white), and was 37,747 in 193o by the Federal census. The city is 63 5f t. above sea level, and is surrounded on three sides by mountain scenery. A deep gorge of great beauty, called "The Narrows," forms a natural gateway to the west. Cumberland has a large trade in coal, of which the county mines about 1,500,00o tons a year, and impor tant manufacturing industries, with an output in 1927 valued at Iron and steel, steel rails and shafting, railroad cars and locomotives, fire-brick, plaster, rubber tyres, glass, cement, leather, artificial silk and tin-plate are among the leading products. It has one of the largest dyeing and cleaning establishments of the country. The first settlement here was made in 17 5o, and in 1754 Col. James Imes built Ft. Cumberland at Wills creek as a defence against the French and their Indian allies. From this fort Gen. Braddock started on his disastrous expedition of July 9, 17 7 5. A town was laid out in 1763 and incorporated in 1815. In 1850, when the population was 6,073, it was chartered as a city, and in 1910 a commission form of government was adopted.