CRAMER, JOHANN BAPTIST (177 naturalized English musician, of German extraction, was born in Mannheim. Son of Wilhelm Cramer (1743-1799), a famous London violinist and musical conductor, one of a numerous family who were identified with the progress of music during the 18th and i9th centuries, he was brought to London as a child, and it was in London that the greater part of his musical career was passed. From 1782 to 1784 he studied the pianoforte under Muzio Clementi, and soon became known as a professional pianist both in London and on the continent ; he enjoyed a world-wide reputa tion, and was particularly esteemed by Beethoven. He died in London. Cramer's compositions were numerous, mostly for the piano, but all have been long since forgotten with the exception of his splendid Etudes for the training of pianists, which rank still among the finest works of their class ever produced. His name is also still preserved as one of the principal founders of the London music publishing house of Cramer & Co.