CUNNINGHAME GRAHAM, ROBERT BONTINE (1852-1936), Scottish writer, eldest son of William Cunninghame Graham of Ardoch and Gartmore, was educated at Harrow. He spent much of his youth cattle-farming in the Argentine, and travelled widely in Paraguay, Mexico, Spain and Morocco. A Spanish grandmother made the Spanish language and national temperament singularly congenial, and his writings are throughout coloured by these early experiences. Cunninghame Graham sat as M.P. for North Lanarkshire from 1886-92, and took an active part in Labour politics, being closely associated with John Burns and Keir Hardie in their early days, and in 1928, as an ardent nationalist, identified himself with the Scottish national move ment.
Characteristic of his varied writings, essays, travel notes, biog raphy and stories, all of which are original in matter and brilliant in expression, are these: Mogreb-el-Acksa (1898) ; A Vanished Arcadia 0900; Success (1902); Hernando de Soto (1903); Faith (1909) ; A Brazilian Mystic, a life of Antonio Conselheiro (1920) ; and a biography of his ancestor, Doughty Deeds of Rob ert Graham, 1735-97 (1925) ; Pedro de Valdivia, Conqueror of Chile (1926) . See also L. Chaundy, A Bibliography of the First Editions of the Works of Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham.