CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM British econ omist, was born at Edinburgh on Dec. 2g, 1849. He was educated at Edinburgh, Tubingen and Cambridge. He was university lec turer in history from 1884 to 1891, when he was named pro fessor of economics at King's college, London, a post which he held until 1897. He was lecturer in economic history at Harvard university (1899), and Hulsean lecturer at Cambridge (1885) . He became vicar of Great St. Mary's, Cambridge, in 1887, and was made a fellow of the British Academy. In 1906 he was ap pointed archdeacon of Ely. He died at Cambridge on June 1o, 1919. Dr. Cunningham's Growth of English Industry and Com merce during the Early and Middle Ages (189o) and Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times (1882; 3rd ed., 1903) are standard works of reference on the industrial history of England. He also wrote The Use and Abuse of Money (1891) ; Alien Immigration (1897) ; Western Civilization in its Economic Aspect in Ancient Times (1898), and in Modern Times ; and The Case against Free Trade (191o), written in support of Joseph Chamberlain's tariff policy. Cunningham's work on the historical side of economics marked the beginnings of a new tendency. A bibliography of his work will be found in his Progress of Capitalism in England