DREWS, ARTHUR (1865-1935), German philosopher, was born on Nov. I at Utersen, Holstein, and was educated at Munich, Berlin, Heidelberg and Halle. From 1898 he was professor at the polytechnic academy in Karlsruhe. His contributions to the critical appreciation and history of philosophy are Die deutsche Spekulation seit Kant (1893) ; Kants Naturphilosophie (1894); Das Ich als Grundproblem der Metaphysik (1899); Das Lebens werk E. V. Hartmanns (1907); Nietzsches Philosophie ; Plotin (1908) ; Die Philosophie im 19. Jhr. (1912) ; Gesch. des Monismus im Altertum (1913). His support of concrete monism and an ultimate Being devoid of consciousness and personality is best seen in his Die Religion als Selbstbewusstsein Gottes (1906) ; Der Monismus (1908) and Freie Religion (3rd ed., 1921).