DURANGO, sometimes called CIUDAD DE VICTORIA, a city of Mexico, capital of the State of Durango, 574 m. N.W. of the Federal capital, in lat. 24° 25' N., long. 105° 55' W. Pop. (1930) 58,160. Durango is served by the Mexican International railway. The city stands in the picturesque Guadiana valley formed by easterly spurs of the Sierra Madre, about 6, 200 ft. above the sea. It has a mild, healthy climate, and is surrounded by a district of considerable fertility. Durango is an important mining and com mercial centre, and was for a time one of the most influential towns of northern Mexico. It contains a mint erected in 181I, and is famous for the great mountain of iron that lies north-west of the city. The city is provided with an abundant water-supply, and there are thermal springs in its vicinity. Its manufacturing estab lishments include reduction works, cotton and woollen mills, glass works, iron foundries, tanneries, flour mills, sugar refineries and tobacco factories. Durango was founded in 1563 by Alonso Pacheco under the direction of Gov. Francisco de Ibarra, who named it after a city of his native province in Spain. It was known, however, as Guadiana for a century thereafter, and its first bishops were given that title. It was the capital of Ibarra's new province of Nueva Viscaya, which included Durango and Chihuahua, and continued as such until their separation in 1823.