DURHAM, a city of North Carolina, U.S.A., 25m. W. of Raleigh ; the county seat of Durham county. It is on Federal highways 15, 70 and 501, and is served by the Durham and Southern, the Norfolk and Western, the Norfolk Southern, the Seaboard Air Line and the Southern railways. The population was 21,719 in 1920 (35% negroes), and was 52,037 in 1930 by the Federal census. It is the seat of Duke university (q.v.), and is one of the leading tobacco markets and tobacco-manufacturing centres of the country. There are large cotton mills, with 3,300 looms and 140,00o spindles in 2928, hosiery mills with 4,000 knit ting machines and various other manufacturing industries. The factory output within the city limits in 1927 was valued at $106, The assessed valuation of property in 1927 was $8o, and bank clearings amounted to $116,612,706. The North Carolina college for negroes, Lincoln hospital (one of the finest in the country for negroes), and the largest negro life insurance company in the country are situated here. The tobacco industry of Durham was founded soon after the Civil War by W. T. Black well (1839-1904) and Washington Duke (1820-1905). The city was incorporated in 1869; became the county seat of the newly constituted county in 1881; and in 1921 adopted a commission manager form of government. In the Bennett house, near the city, Gen. J. E. Johnston on April 26, 1865, surrendered to Gen. Sherman.