EAST LIVERPOOL, a city of Columbiana county, O., U.S.A., 44m. W. by N. of Pittsburgh, on the Ohio river, opposite Newell and Chester, West Virginia. It is on the Lincoln highway, and is served by the Pennsylvania railroad, interurban trolleys and motor buses and river steamboats. The population was 21,411 in 192o (9o% native white) and was 23,329 in 193o by the Federal census. The city is built on sloping ground, rising from the river bank, in the midst of beautiful scenery. It has a large rubber tire factory, a drawn steel mill, a stone quarry, sewer-pipe and fire brick plants, and many smaller factories, but it is primarily a pottery centre. There are 17 plants, with 28o kilns, making gen eral ware, six plants (45 kilns) making electrical porcelain, five factories producing supplies used by the potteries, and several large cooperages making the barrels and casks in which the products are shipped. In 1927 the 62 factories, with an output valued at $12,027,331, employed 3,515 wage-earners.
In 1798 Thomas Fawcett settled here, and in 1802 he laid out a town, which he named St. Clair but others persisted in calling Fawcettstown. The name Liverpool was adopted in 1816, and in 1834, when the town was incorporated, East was prefixed, to dis tinguish it from another settlement in the State. The dominating industry dates from 1839, when James Bennett, an English pot ter, reached the small town, and judged that the clays in the sur rounding hills would make an excellent quality of yellow ware. The manufacture of white ware began in 18 7 2 ; of semi-vitreous china about 189o; while the production of porcelain electrical fixtures and supplies has developed in the present century. Local clays are still used for yellow ware by one plant, but with this exception all the raw materials needed by the potteries come from a distance : the clays from Florida, North Carolina, Kentucky and England; other minerals from distant States, Canada and Italy. Labour-saving machinery displaced the potter's wheel in East Liverpool at an early date.