EARS, JAMES BUCHANAN (182o-1887), American en gineer, was born at Lawrenceburg (Ind.), on May 23, 182o. His first engineering work of any importance was in raising sunken steamers. In 1845 he established glass works in St. Louis. Dur ing the Civil War he constructed ironclad steamers and mortar boats for the Federal Government. His next important engineer ing achievement was the construction of the great steel arch bridge across the Mississippi at St. Louis upon which he was en gaged from 1867 till 1874. The work, however, upon which his reputation principally rests was his deepening and fixing the chan nel at the mouths of the Mississippi by means of jetties, whereby the narrowed stream was made to scour out its own channel and carry the sediment out to sea. Shortly before his death he pro jected a scheme for a ship railway across the isthmus of Tehuan tepec, in lieu of an isthmian canal. He died at Nassau, in the Bahamas, on March 8, 1887.