DYER, REGINALD EDWARD HARRY British general, was born at Simla, India, Oct. 9, 1864, and educated at Middleton College, Co. Cork. He entered the army in 1885, took part in 1886-87 in the Burma campaign, in 1888 in the Hazara Expedition, in 1895 in the relief of Chitral, in 1901-2 in the Waziristan blockade and in 1908 in the operations in the Zakka Kiel country. In the World War he commanded the 45th Infantry Brigade. He was awarded the C.B. in 1916 for his success against the Sarhad raiders while in charge of the Eastern Persian cordon, and published an account of his experiences, The Raiders of the Sarhad (1921) . In April 1919, while Dyer was Brigade Commander at Jullundur, he was called to quell a rising at Amritsar. He used military force, opening fire, without warning, on an unarmed crowd, and causing over three hundred deaths and ',Zoo other casualties. His action was called in ques tion by commission of enquiry set up under Lord Hunter. At the enquiry Dyer admitted that, although he believed that the mob could have been dispersed without firing, his attack would have been even more violent if he had not been restricted by space. He said that his avowed purpose was "to strike terror into the whole of the Punjab," and to this end he even refused succour to the wounded. In 1919 he was given command of his brigade to organize the relief of Thal from the Afghan Army, but was subsequently asked to resign by the Commander-in Chief in India, with the approval of the Army Council. This incident roused a great deal of hostile feeling in India, and the Indian National Council bought the Jallianwala Bagh, the site of the massacre, as a "martyrs' memorial" to be used as a place of pilgrimage. The Duke of Connaught, at the inauguration of the new Indian legislature on February 2, 1921, said, "The shadow of Amritsar has lengthened over the fair face of India." In 1924 interest in the affair was again revived, by the libel action brought by Sir Michael O'Dwyer, Lieutenant General of the Punjab, against Sir Sankaran Nair. In this case Mr. Justice McCardie said in his summing-up, "General Dyer, in the grave and excep tional circumstances, acted rightly . . . and was wrongly pun ished by the Secretary of State for India." The Labour Gov ernment then in office protested against this statement in a letter to the Viceroy, and upheld the action of the previous govern ment in censuring General Dyer. During the remainder of his life General Dyer devoted his time to scientific study and in vented a range-finder for sighting aircraft. He died on July 23, 1927, at Long Ashton, Bristol.