EDUCATION.) Other Professions.—A complicated system of professional examination by professional bodies was largely developed in Great Britain during the 19th century. Many of these bodies even con ducted the preliminary entrance examinations, but fortunately, in many cases, they have adopted in their place certain accredited examinations like the "locals" of the universities or the examina tions of the College of Preceptors. The following are some of the more important subjects (the professional body concerned being given in brackets) : Accountancy [Institute of Chartered Account ants and Society of Accountants and Auditors] ; actuarial work [Institute of Actuaries] ; music [Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Trinity College of Music, Royal College of Organists, and the Incorporated Society of Musicians] ; pharmacy [Pharmaceutical Society] ; plumbing [the Plumbers' Company] ; surveying [Surveyors' Institution] ; veterinary medicine [Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons] ; technical subjects, e.g., cotton spinning, dyeing, motor manufacture [City and Guilds of London Institute] ; architecture [Royal Institute of British Architects] ; engineering [Institutions of Civil Engineers, of Mechanical Engi neers, and of Electrical Engineers] ; commercial subjects, short hand [the Society of Arts and London Chamber of Commerce] . (See COMMERCIAL EDUCATION.)