Absolute Monarchies And The
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Adam Karl August Von
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After
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Alexander Hill Everett
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Allart Van Everdingen
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Alliance
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Alonso De Ercilla Y
Ercilla Y Zuniga, Alonso De Spanish Soldier And Poet, Distinguished Himself In The Campaign In Chile Against The Araucanians, But, Having Quarrelled With One Of His Comrades, Was Condemned To Death By His General, Garcia Hurtado De Mendoza. The Sentence Was Commuted To Imprison Ment, But Ercilla Was Speedily Released ...
Andrassy Note
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Animal Equilibrium
Equilibrium, Animal. If We Had To Construct A Machine To Imitate A Man One Of Our Many Difficulties Would Be To Arrange It So As To Walk And Run, Or Even To Stand Upright, Without Falling Over. We Should Have To Contrive So That Every Movement Of The Limbs Would ...
Antoine Etex
Etex, Antoine (1808-1888), French Sculptor, Painter And Architect, Was Born In Paris On March 20, 18o8. He First Exhibited In The Salon Of 1833, His Work Including A Reproduction In Marble Of His "death Of Hyacinthus," And The Plaster Cast Of His "cain And His Race Cursed By God." Thiers, ...
Antonio Enriquez Gomez
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Antonio Escobar Y Mendoza
Escobar Y Mendoza, Antonio Spanish Churchman, Was Born At Valladolid, And At The Age Of Fifteen Became A Jesuit. He Soon Became A Famous Preacher, And His Facility Was So Great That For Fifty Years He Preached Daily. His Best Known Works Arc Summula Casuum Conscientiae (162 7) ; Liber ...
Archaeology Eastern Europe
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Armed Peace
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Arthur Lapel Essex
Essex, Arthur Lapel, 1st Earl Of (1632-1683), English Statesman, Son Of Arthur, 1st Baron Capel Of Hadham (c. 1641), Executed In 1649, And Of Elizabeth, Daughter And Heir Of Sir Charles Morrison Of Cashiobury In Hertfordshire, Was Bap Tized On Jan. 28, 1632. In June 1648, Then A Sickly Boy ...
Ascent Of Mount Everest
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Baldomero Espartero
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Baron
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Belles Lettres
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Beneficial Insects
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Benno Erdmann
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Book Of Enoch
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Book Of Exodus
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Botho Eulenburg
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British History Since The
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Buyo Enomoto
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Camille Erlanger
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Catherine Henriette De Bal
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Cenon De Somodevilla Ensenada
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Central Europe
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Charles Estienne
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Charles Genevieve Louise Au
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Charles Guillaume Etienne
Etienne, Charles Guillaume French Dramatist And Miscellaneous Writer, Was Born Near Saint Dizier, Haute-marne, On Jan. 5, 1778. He Wrote For The Paris Theatres For 20 Years From 1799 Onwards, But He Is Remembered Chiefly As The Author Of Les Deux Gendres, Represented At The Theatre Francais On Aug. Ii, ...
Charles Hector Estaing
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Charles Michel Epee
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Charles Shaw Lefevre Eversley
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Chaucer To The Renaissance
Chaucer To The Renaissance The Age Of Chaucer Is Of Peculiar Interest To The Student Of Literature, Not Only Because Of Its Brilliance And Productiveness But Also Because Of Its Apparent Promise For The Future. In This, As In Other Aspects, Chaucer (c. 1340-1400) Is Its Most Notable Literary Figure. ...
Compagnie Des Chemins De
Est De France, Compagnie Des Chemins De Fer De L', Established In 1854, Serves The East Of France In Various Regions. From Paris, Three Main Railway Lines Serve This Region : To The North The Line From Paris To Charleville Via Rheims, To The Centre The Line From Paris To ...
Competitive Examinations
Competitive Examinations In Great Britain, Competitive Examinations May Vary From County Council Scholarships Awarded At The Age Of I I To Scholar Ships At The Public Schools, Or At The Universities. They Are Also Used For Entrance To All Grades Of The Civil Service—from Sorters In The Post Office To ...
Conference Of Paris
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Congress Of Verona Laibach
Laibach, Congress Of; Verona, Congress Of.) The English Policy Of Non-intervention.—the Policy Of The English Government Was In Direct Opposition To That Of The Other Great Powers. In 1818, At Aix-la-chapelle, Castlereagh Re Pudiated The Idea Of A Consolidated Alliance Which Would Compel Each State To Maintain The Succession And ...
Constantin Ettingshausen
Ettingshausen, Constantin, Baron Von (1826 1897), Austrian Geologist And Botanist, Was Born In Vienna On June 16, 1826. Professor Of Botany At Vienna And Then At Graz, He Carried Out Important Researches On The Tertiary Floras Of Various Parts Of Europe, And On The Fossil Floras Of Australia And New ...
Continuity And Perpetuation
Continuity And Perpetuation Sexual Reproduetiohi.—if Organisms Did Not Reproduce And Multiply, They Would Sooner Or Later Be Extinguished, If Not By Natural, At All Events By Accidental Death. For This Purpose They Must Separate Off Some Portion Of Their Body Capable Of Growing Into A New Individual. This Gives Rise ...
Council Of Constance Papacy
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Councils Of Ephesus
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Danzig Vilna Memel Fiume
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David Erdmann
Erdmann, David (1821-1905), German Protestant Theologian, Was Born On July 20, 1821, At Gustebiese, And Was Educated At Berlin. He Was Appointed Professor Of Theology At Konigsberg In 1856, And Eight Years Later General-superintendent Of Silesia At Breslau, Becoming Superior Consistorial Counsellor In 1889. Erdmann Died At Dresden On March ...
Desiderius Erasmus
Erasmus, Desiderius The Greatest Humanist Of The Renaissance, Theologian, Was Born On The Night Of The 27/28 Of October, Probably In 1466; But His Statements About His Age Are Conflicting, And In View Of His Own Uncertainty (ep. X. 29, 466) The Year Of His Birth Cannot Be Definitely Fixed. ...
Diplomatic Relations During The
Diplomatic Relations During The War The Question Of Responsibility.—the Investigation Of War Responsibility Does Not Lie Within The Sphere Of This Article. But After The Treaty Of Versailles Had Declared Germany Responsible For The War By Calling Upon Her To Pay For Its Ravages, The Re Proach Of Having Started ...
Distribution Of The Population
Distribution Of The Population Population—states And Towns.—the Populations Of The Countries Of Europe, According To Censuses Or Estimates Subse Quent To The Last Census, Are Given In The Table Opposite. Population Is Increasing Everywhere As A Result Of The Develop Ment Of Economic Resources And The Advance Of Medical Science, ...
Dramatic Literature
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Duke Of Cumberland Ernest
Ernest Augustus, Duke Of Cumberland (1845 1923 ) , Only Son Of George V. Of Hanover (q.v.), Who Was Deposed In 1866, Following The Events Of The Seven Weeks' War, Was Born At Hanover On Sept. 21, 1845. He Was A Grandson Of The Ernest Augustus, King Of Hanover Noticed ...
Earl Exeter
Exeter, Earl, Marquess And Duke Of. These English Titles Have Been Borne At Different Times By Mem Bers Of The Families Of Holand Or Holland, Beaufort, Courtenay And Cecil. The Earls Of Devon Of The Family Of De Redvers Were Sometimes Called Earls Of Exeter; But The 1st Duke Of ...
Earls Of Essex
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Early Divisions Of English
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Early English Borrowings
Early English Borrowings Although The English Acquired No Inconsiderable Number Of Latin Words From The Romanized Town-dwellers Of Britain Who Spoke Latin, It Is Remarkable That They Borrowed Hardly Any Celtic Words From The Country-dwelling Britons Who Had Retained Their Own Language. O.e. Dunn, "brown, Dun-coloured," And Binn, "a Manger," ...
Edouard Estaunie
Estaunie, Edouard (1862— ), French Novelist, Was Born At Dijon On Feb. 4, 1862. Estaunie, Who Became An Academician In 1924, Has Written Novels Which Carry On The Great Traditions Of The French Psychological Novel. They Are Profound In Their Analysis, Which Is Based On A Detailed Account Of The ...
Education
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Edward Everett
Everett, Edward (1 794-1865), American Statesman And Orator, Was Born In Dorchester, Mass., On April 11, 1794, Of Colonial Ancestors. His Father, A Minister, Died In 1802, And His Mother Removed To Boston With Her Family After Her Husband's Death. At 17 Edward Everett Graduated From Harvard College, Taking First ...
Edward Pellew Exmouth
Exmouth, Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount English Admiral, Was Born At Dover, On April 19, 1757. In 17 7 O He Entered The Navy, Where His Great Ability Soon Became Apparent. He Had No Opportunity Of Active Service Till 1776, When His Action At The Battle Of Lake Champlain Gained Him ...
Effect Of Evidence
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Elementary Examinations
Elementary Examinations For Many Years Examinations Of All The Pupils In Each Public Elementary School In Great Britain Were Conducted By The Govern Ment Inspectors. The System Lasted From 1862 Till 1895 And Was Known As "payment By Results" (see Elementary Educa Tion) . The Principal Reason For Its Abolition ...
Elizabethan Times
Elizabethan Times General Influences, And Prologue To 1579.—the History Of Letters In England From More's Utopia (1516), The First Platonic Vision, To Milton's Samson Agonistes (1671), The Latest Classic Tragedy, Is One And Continuous. That Is The Period Of The English Renaissance, In The Wider Sense, And It Covers All ...
Employment Of Excommunication
Employment Of Excommunication A New Chapter In The History Of Church Censure Began With The Imperial Edicts Against Heresy, The First Of Which, De Summa Trini Tate Et Fide Catholica, Dates From 380. From That Time Excommu Nication Exposed A Man To Serious Temporal Risks. The Temptation To Wield It ...
English Language
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English Law
English Law. In The Language Of English Jurisprudence "legal Memory" Is Said To Extend As Far As, But No Further Than, The Coronation Of Richard I. (sept. 3, 1189). This Is A Technical Doctrine Concerning Prescriptive Rights, But Is Capable Of Express Ing An Important Truth. For The Last Seven ...
English Literature
English Literature. The Following Discussion Of The Evolution Of English Literature Is Planned To Give A Compre Hensive View, The Details As To Particular Authors And Their Work Being Reserved For Separate Articles. As The Precise Delimitation Of What May Narrowly Be Called "english" Literature, I.e., In The English Language, ...
Englishry
Englishry, The Process By Which William The Conqueror Protected The Lives Of His Normans. If A Stranger Was Found Slain, And The Slayer Was Not Produced In Court, He Was Presumed To Be A Norman, And The Hundred Was Fined Accordingly, Unless It Could Be Proved That He Was English. ...
Engraving
Engraving. In Its Widest Signification, Engraving Is The Art Of Cutting Lines Or Furrows On Plates, Blocks Or Other Shapes Of Metal, Wood Or Other Material. In This Sense The Craft Has Been Used For Decorative Purposes From Remote Antiquity. In The Nar Rower Connotation With Which This Article Is ...
Engrossing
Engrossing, A Term Used In Two Legal Senses : (i) The Writ Ing Or Copying Of A Legal Or Other Document In A Fair Large Hand (en Gros), And (2) The Buying Up Of Goods Wholesale In Order To Establish A Monopoly And Sell At A Higher Price. Engrossing And ...
Enharmonic
Enharmonic, A Musical Term Having More Than One Meaning. In Its Earliest Use It Was Applied To One Of The Three Gen Era In Ancient Greek Music, Viz., Thy Diatonic, The Chromatic And The Enharmonic, The Last-named Containing Intervals Smaller Than A Semitone, Termed Dieses. In Modern Usage It Is ...
Enid
Enid, A City Of Oklahoma, U.s.a., 65m. N.w. Of Oklahoma City; The County Seat Of Garfield County. It Is On Federal High Ways 64, 164 And 81; Has An Air Port ; And Is Served By The Frisco, The Rock Island And The Santa Fe Railways. The Population Was 16,576 ...
Enigma
Enigma, A Riddle Or Puzzle, Especially A Form Of Verse Or Prose Composition In Which The Answer Is Concealed By Means Of Metaphors. Such Were The Riddle Of The Sphinx And The Riddling Answers Of The Ancient Oracles. The Composition Of Enigmas Was A Favourite Amusement In Greece And Prizes ...
Enimagan
Enimagan, An Independent Linguistic Stock Of South American Indians, So Called From The Enimagas (enimas) Who Were One Of Its Best Known Tribes. The Area Occupied By These Tribes In South-eastern Bolivia In The Northern Chaco Extends From The Paraguay River Between 22° And 2o° S. Lat. Northwest Ward To ...
Enkhuizen
Enkhuizen, Seaport In The Province Of North Holland On The Zuider Zee, And A Railway Terminus, I I Z M. N.e. By E. Of Hoorn, With Which It Is Also Connected By Tramway. Pop. (193o) 9,347. Enkhuizen Has Examples Of Domestic Architecture From The 16th And 17th Centuries, When It ...
Enkidu
Enkidu, The Name Of The Friend Of Gilgamesh, The Hero In The Babylonian Epic (see Gilgamesh, Epic Of). Enkidu Is Rep Resented In The Epic As The Type Of The Primeval Man. He Is A Wild Man Who Lives With The Animals Of The Field Until Lured Away From His ...
Enlightenment
Enlightenment, A Term Used As The Equivalent Of The German Au F Klarung To Designate A Period Of Great Intellectual Ac Tivity In The Cause Of General Education And Culture, Including The Preparatory Self-emancipation From Mere Prejudice, Convention And Tradition. The Name Is Applied Primarily To The Movement In 18th ...
Enneastyle
Enneastyle, In Architecture, The Term Applied To A Build Ing Or Portico With Nine Columns On The Front. ...
Ennis
Ennis, A City Of Ellis County, Texas, U.s.a., 33m. S.s.e. Of Dallas, On Federal Highway 75, And Served By The Southern Pacific And The Texas Midland Railways. The Population Was 7,224 In 1920 (27% Negroes), And Was 7,069 In 1930 By The Federal Census. Ellis County Is One Of The ...
Enniscorthy
Enniscorthy, A Market Town Of Co. Wexford, Ireland, On The River Slaney. Pop. Of Urban District (1926), 5,545. The Castle Was Founded In 1176. Ferns, Nearby, Was The Seat Of A For Mer Bishopric, And The Cathedral, Ruins Of An Augustinian Monas Tery Founded About 116o, And Of A Norman ...
Enniskillen Inniskilling
Enniskillen (inniskilling), Market Town And County Town Of Co. Fermanagh, Ireland, Situated On An Island Between Upper And Lower Loughs Erne, 116 M. N.w. Of Dublin By Rail. Pop. Of Urban District (1921) 4,847. It Was Incorporated By James I. In 1689 It Defeated A Force Sent By James Ii. ...
Enns
Enns, A Small Town Of About 4,200 Inhabitants In Upper Aus Tria, On The Left Bank Of The Enns Near Its Confluence With The Danube. This Site Lay On One Of The Old Salt Routes Across The Danube To Bohemia So That This Is One Of The Oldest Towns In ...
Enos
Enos, A Town Of European Turkey, In The Vilayet Of Adrian Ople, On The River Maritsa, Where Its Estuary Broadens To Meet The Aegean Sea. Population About 8,000. Enos Occupies A Ridge Of Rock Surrounded By Broad Marshes. It Was The Seat Of A Greek Bishop, But The Greek Population ...
Enschede
Enschede, In The Province Of Overysel, Holland, Near The German Frontier, And A Junction 5 M. S.e. Of Hengelo. Pop. (1930) 51,805. It Is The Centre Of The Flourishing Cotton-spinning And Weaving Industries Of The Twente District ; While By The Rail Way Via Gronau And Koesfeld To Dortmund It ...
Ensemble
Ensemble (fr.), In Music, Signifies The Combination Of Several Performers, Vocal Or Instrumental, As In The "ensemble Numbers" Of An Opera (trio, Quartet And So Forth). By Extension, The Term Is Applied Further To The Process Of Combining In This Manner And To The Degree Of Skill With Which It ...
Ensign
Ensign. The Word Is Derived Through The Fr. Enseigne From The Latin Plural Insignia, A Distinguishing Token, Emblem Or Badge Such As Symbols Of Office, Or In Heraldry, The Ornament Or Sign, Such As The Crown, Coronet Or Mitre Borne Above The Charge Or Arms. The Word Is More Particularly ...
Ensilage
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Enstatite
Enstatite, A Rock-forming Mineral Belonging To The Group Of Orthorhombic Pyroxenes. It Is A Magnesium Metasilicate, Often With A Little Iron Replacing The Magnesium. As The Iron Increases In Amount There Is A Transition To Bronzite (q.v.), And With Still More Iron To Hypersthene (q.v.). Enstatite Was First Described By ...
Entablature
Entablature, In Architecture, The Assemblage Of Hori Zontal Mouldings And Bands, Supported By, And Immediately Above, The Columns Of Classic Buildings, Or Similar Forms In Any Other Style (see Order). It Is Usually Divided Into Three Main Portions; The Lowest, Called The Architrave (q.v.), Originally The Beam Run Ning From ...
Entada
Entada, In Botany, A Woody Climber Belonging To The Family Leguminosae And Common Throughout The Tropics. The Best Known Species Is Entada Scandens, The Nicker Bean Or Sword Bean, So Called From Its Large Woody Pod, 2 To 4 Ft. Long And 3 To 4 In. Broad, Which Contains Large, ...
Entail
Entail, To Fix Inalienably On A Person And His Legitimate Descendants. The Law Of Entail Was Initiated In England By The Statute Of Westminster The Second (1285) In The Chapter Headed De Donis Conditionalibus. Strictly Speaking, A Form Of Entail Was Known Before The Norman Feudal Law Had Been Introduced ...
Entasis
Entasis, In Architecture, The Convex Curve Given To The Taper Of A Column, Spire Or Similar Upright Member, In Order To Avoid Any Appearance Of Hollowness Or Weakness. Entasis Is Almost Uni Versal In Classic Columns. It Is Exaggerated In Greek Archaic Doric Work, But Grows More And More Subtle ...
Entelechy
Entelechy, A Term Used By Aristotle For That Which Realizes Or Makes Actual The Otherwise Merely Potential. The Idea Which Is Expressed By The Term Entelechy (evrexixaa) Is Inti Mately Connected With Aristotle's Distinction Between Matter And Form, Or The Potential And Actual. Briefly, One May Say That He Analysed ...
Enteric Fever
Enteric Fever, A Name Often Given To Typhoid Fever (q.v.). When Physicians Separated From Typhus Fever A Group Of Cases Having Special Features They Called The Latter "typhoid." As The Distinction Between Typhus And Typhoid Fevers Became Better Recognized A Tendency Arose To Replace The Name "typhoid" By "enteric" As ...
Enteritis
Enteritis, A General Medical Term For Inflammation Of The Bowels, Often Associated With Gastritis And Dependent Upon Bac Terial Infection Conveyed By Food, But Also Resulting From Irritant Poisons, E.g., Copper Sulphate. ...
Enterozoa
Enterozoa, A Zoological Term, Now Obsolete, For All Ani Mals Other Than Protozoa (q.v.) ; The Reference Is To The Posses Sion Of An Enteron Or Body-cavity. The Word Is Now Replaced By Metazoa (q.v.). ...
Entertainments Duty
Entertainments Duty. This Particular Form Of The Taxation Of Luxuries Was Adopted By The Parliament Of The United Kingdom As A Means Of Raising Further Revenue During The World War. The Duty Was Imposed By The Finance (new Duties) Act, 1916, Sec. 1 Of Which Provides That As From May ...
Enthymeme
Enthymeme, In Formal Logic, The Technical Name Of A Syl Logistic Argument Which Is Incompletely Stated. Any One Of Thf Propositions May Be Omitted, But In General It Is That One Which I Most Obvious Or Most Naturally Present To The Mind. In Point Of Fact The Full Formal Statement ...
Entomology
Entomology (gr. Fvro/.sa, Insects, And Xo'yos, A Dis. Course), The Science That Treats Of Insects, I.e., Of The Animals In Cluded In The Class Insecta Of The Great Phylum Arthropoda. The Term, However, Is Somewhat Elastic In Its Current Use, Sine( Students Of Centipedes And Spiders Are Often Reckoned Arnonc ...
Entomostraca
Entomostraca, A Term Now Obsolete But Formerly Used In Zoology To Denote Collectively All The Crustacea (q.v.) Except The Malacostraca (q.v.). The Word Is Misleading, As The Groups Thus Brigaded Together Have No Special Relationship To One Another. ...