ESZTERGOM, a Hungarian town situated on a loess-covered terrace on the right bank of the Danube, nearly opposite its con fluence with the Hron. Once the capital of Hungary and the site of its first church it is the seat of the primate of Hungary, but its chief claim to national importance lies in the fact that it was the birthplace of St. Stephen, the first "apostolic king" of Hungary. As one of the great centres of Magyar life it attracted the atten tion of the Mongols who destroyed it in 1241, but it was rebuilt and fortified by King Bela IV. Becoming thus a strong outer guard of Vienna the Turks attacked and held it for two periods, and 1604-83. During this time of stress the archbishop ric, dating from Iooi, was moved to Trnava (q.v.), where it re mained till 1820. The cathedral on a hill 215 ft. above the river is a grandiose structure, erected 1821-70, on the lines of St. Peter's at Rome and contains in its treasury the 13th century Florentine Calvary of King Matthias and the double cross presented to King Stephen by Pope Silvester II. The town has many other churches and ecclesiastical buildings, including a beautiful primate's palace in Renaissance style, containing a rich collection of antiquities. The population is chiefly engaged in the weaving of cloth, wine making and mixed farming. Pop. (1930) 17,354.