Estremadura Or Extremadura
Estremadura Or Extremadura, An Ancient Ter Ritorial Division Of Central And Western Portugal, And Of Western Spain; Comprising The Modern Districts Of Leiria, Santarem And Lisbon, In Portugal, And The Modern Provinces Of Badajoz And Caceres In Spain. Pup. (1920) 2,662,782; Area, 23,055 Sq.m. The Name Of E.stremadura Appears To ...
Estremoz
Estremoz, A Town Of Portugal, 104 M. By Rail E. Of Lisbon, On The Casa Branca-evora-elvas Railway. Pop. (1930) 9,718. Estremoz Is Built At The Base Of A Hill Crowned By A Large Dismantled Citadel. There Are Marble Quarries In The Neighbour Hood, And The Estremoz Billias, Red Earthenware Jars, ...
Estuary
Estuary., The Mouth Of A River Where Sea And Fresh Water Meet And Where Tidal Effects Are Conspicuous (lat. Aestuarium, A Place Reached By Aestus, The Tide) . An Estuary May Result From The Long-continued Joint Action Of River And Tidal Erosion Confined To A Narrow Structural Depression, Or An ...
Esztergom
Esztergom, A Hungarian Town Situated On A Loess-covered Terrace On The Right Bank Of The Danube, Nearly Opposite Its Con Fluence With The Hron. Once The Capital Of Hungary And The Site Of Its First Church It Is The Seat Of The Primate Of Hungary, But Its Chief Claim To ...
Etah
Etah, A Town And District Of British India, In The Agra Division Of The United Provinces. The Town Is Situated On The Grand Trunk Road. Pop. (1931) 11,473. The District Has An Area Of 1,718 Sq.m. The District Consists For The Most Part Of An Elevated Alluvial Plateau, Dipping Down ...
Etampes
Etampes, A Town Of Northern France, Capital Of An Arron Dissement In The Department Of Seine-et-oise, On The Orleans Rail Way, 35 M. S. By W. Of Paris. Pop. (1931) 9,456. Etampes (lat. Stampae) Existed At The Beginning Of The 7th Century And In The Early Middle Ages Belonged To ...
Etaples
Etaples, A Town Of Northern France, In The Department Of Pas-de-calais, On The Right Bank Of The Estuary Of The Canche, 3 M. From The Straits Of Dover, 17 M. S. Of Boulogne By Rail. Pop. (1931) 6,673. Ttaples Was A Small Fishing And Commercial Port, Important During The Middle ...
Etawah
Etawah, A Town And District Of British India, In The Agra Division Of The United Provinces. The Town Is Situated On The Left Bank Of The Jumna. Pop. (1931) Deep Fissures Inter Sect The Various Quarters Of The Town, Over Which Broad Roads Connect The Higher Portions By Bridges And ...
Etching
Etching Is The Process Of Biting Lines Or Areas By Means Of Acid Or Some Other Chemical. By Etching Generally We Mean The Process Of Biting These Lines In A Metal Plate With A View To Its Being Printed From, And By An Etching, The Print Taken From A Plate ...
Etesian Wind
Etesian Wind, A Local Mediterranean Summer Wind Blow Ing Chiefly From The North But Occasionally From The West For About Six Weeks Annually. (gr. 'roe, Year.) ...
Ethane
Ethane, A Gaseous Hydrocarbon, Found Dissolved In The Oils From Certain Wells. Its Chemical Formula Is (see Chemistry; Organic: Aliphatic Division: Paraffins.) ...
Ether
Ether (in Physics).—whether Space Is A Mere Geometrical Abstraction, Or Whether It Has Definite Physical Properties Which Can Be Investigated, Is A Question Which In One Form Or Another Has Often Been Debated. As To The Parts Occupied By Matter, That Is By A Substance Which Appeals To The Senses, ...
Ether_2
Ether, In Chemistry, Any Member Of A Certain Class Of Sub Stances (of Which The Well Known Anaesthetic, Di-ethyl Ether, Commonly Called "ether" Or "aether," Is One) Composed Of Carbon, Hydrogen And Oxygen, And Having The General Formula, R.o.r', Where R•r' = Alkyl Or Aryl Groups (see Chemistry : Organic) ...
Ethics
Ethics Is The Systematic Study Of The Ultimate Problems Of Human Conduct (from Greek Character, Or Egos, Custom) ; Also Called Moral Philosophy (from Lat. Mores, Customs). ...
Ethiopia Or Aethiopia
Ethiopia Or Aethiopia (gr. Aiotoiria), The Ancient Name For A District Of North-eastern Africa, Bordering Egypt And The Red Sea ; Also The Official Name For Modern Abyssinia (for Topography And History See Abyssinia). In The Homeric Poems, The Aethiopes Are The Furthest Of Mankind; The Gods Go To Their ...
Ethiopic Literature
Ethiopic Literature. The Employment Of The Geez Or Ethiopic Language For Literary Purposes Appears To Have Begun No Long Time Before The Introduction Of Christianity Into Abys Sinia, And Its Pagan Period Is Represented By Two Axumite Inscrip Tions (published By D. H. Muller In J. T. Bent's Sacred City ...
Ethnographical And Anthropological Societies
Ethnographical And Anthropological Societies. The Congres International D'anthropologie Et D'archeologie Prehistoriques Held Its First Meeting At Neuchatel In 1866; It Issued Its First Publication, Comptes Rendus (1866, Etc.).' The Royal Anthropological Institute Of Great Britain And Ireland Was Founded In 1871 Upon The Ethnological Society (1843), Which Published A Journal ...
Ethnology
Ethnology And Ethnography, Primarily Sciences Which Deal With Man As A Racial Unit, And With The Distribution Over The Earth Of Racial Units. They Include A Comparative Study Of The Physical Characters Of The Races Of Mankind And Also A Compara Tive Study And Classification Of Peoples Based Upon Cultural ...
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Chloride, Prepared From Hydrogen Chloride And Ethyl Alcohol, Is A Gas At Room Temperature But Is Stored And Sold Under Pressure In Glass Bottles Fitted With Trigger-controlled Spray Nozzles, As A Colourless, Mobile Liquid With A Characteristic Ethereal Smell, And Sweet, Burning Taste, Which Boils At 12.5° C And ...
Ethyl
Ethyl, In Chemistry, The Alkyl (aliphatic Hydrocarbon) Rad Ical (see Chemistry, Organic: Aliphatic Division.) The Hydride Of Ethyl Is Better Known As Ethane ; The Alcohol Is The Ethyl Alcohol Of Commerce (spirit Of Wine) (see Alcohol) ; And The Oxide Is Ordinary Ether (q.v.). Ethyl Is Also A Trade-mark ...
Ethylene
Ethylene, Also Known As Olefiant Gas Or Ethene, Is Found In Coal Gas And Is The First Representative, Or H2c : Of The Series Of Olefine Hydrocarbons. It Is A Colourless Gas Of Some What Sweetish Taste, Slightly Soluble In Water, But More So In Alcohol And Ether. It Can ...
Etiquette
Etiquette, A Term For Ceremonial Usage, The Rules Of Be Haviour Observed In Society, More Particularly The Formal Rules Of Ceremony To Be Observed At Court Functions, Etc.; The Procedure, Especially With Regard To Precedence And Promotions In An Organ Ized Body Or Society. Professions, Such As The Law Or ...
Etna
Etna, A Borough Of Allegheny County, Pa., U.s.a., 2m. N. Of Pittsburgh, On The West Bank Of The Allegheny River. It Is Served By The Baltimore And Ohio, The Etna And Montrose And The Penn Sylvania Railways. The Population Was 6,341 In 1920, And Was 7,493 In 193o By The ...
Etna_2
Etna, An Active Volcano On The East Coast Of Sicily (gr. Alrvn, From Csfow, Burn; Lat. Aetna), The Summit Of Which Is 18 M. N. By W. Of Catania. Its Height Was Ascertained To Be Io,758 Ft. In 1900, Having Decreased From I 0,8 7o F T. In I 861. ...
Eton
Eton, A Town Of Buckinghamshire, England, On The Thames, Opposite Windsor. Pop. 2,005. It Is Famous For Its College, The Largest Of The Ancient English Public Schools. The "king's Col Lege Of Our Lady Of Eton Beside Windsor" Was Founded By Henry Vi. In 1440-41 And Endowed Mainly From The ...
Etretat
Etretat, A Watering-place Of France, In The Department Of Seine-inf Erieure, On The Coast Of The English Channel, 161 M. N. By E. Of Havre By Road. Pop. (1931) 1,678. It Stands Between Curiously Worn Chalk Cliffs At The Mouth Of A Valley, The Stream Of Which Runs Underground For ...
Etruria
Etruria, An Ancient District Of Italy, The Extent Of Which Varied Considerably, And, Especially In The Earliest Periods, Is Very Difficult To Define (see Section Language). The Name Is The Latin Equivalent Of The Greek T Uppnvia Or Which Is Used By Latin Writers Also In The Forms Tyrrhenia, Tyrrhenii; ...
Etruscan Language
Etruscan Language. From The Days Of Dionysius Of Halicarnassus, Who Declared That Etruscan Was Like No Other Lan Guage, To The Present Time, Many Attempts Of Various Kinds, None Completely Successful, Have Been Made To Decipher The Monu Ments Still Extant Of This Difficult Language. Scholars Now Base Their Labours ...
Ettenheim
Ettenheim, A Town Of Germany, In The Land Of Baden, Situated On The Ettenbach, Under The Western Slope Of The Black Forest. Pop. (1 933) 3,149. Founded In The 8th Century By Eddo, Bishop Of Strassburg, Ettenheim Remained Attached To That See Until 1802, When It Passed To Baden. It ...
Ettlingen
Ettlingen, A Town Of Germany, In The Land Of Baden, On The Alb And The Railway Mannheim-basel, 42 M. S. Of Karls Ruhe. Pop. (1933) 10,152. The First Notice Of Ettlingen Dates From The 8th Century. It Became A Town In 1227 And Was Presented By The Emperor Frederick Ii. ...
Ettrick
Ettrick, A River And Parish Of Selkirkshire, Scotland. The River Rises In Capel Fell, A Hill In The Extreme South-west Of The Shire, And Flows North-east For 32 M. To Its Junction With The Tweed, Its Principal Affluent Being The Yarrow. In The Parish Of Ettrick Was Born James Hogg, ...
Etude
Etude (fr.), In Music, Has Not Only The Ordinary Meaning Of A Study Or Technical Exercise But Also That Of A Finished Composi Tion, Based On The Treatment Of A Particular Type Of Phrase Or Figure And Possessed Therefore Of A Study-like Character. An Etude In This Sense May Be ...
Etymology
Etymology, That Part Of Linguistics Which Deals With The Origin Or Derivation Of Words (gr. Grvµos, True, And X&yos, Ac Count). The Greek Word Etuµoc, As Applied To Words, Referred To The Meaning Rather Than To The Origin, And The Stoics Asserted That The Discovery Of To Etvµov Would Explain ...
Euboea Or Negroponte
Euboea Or Negroponte, The Largest Island Of The Greek Archipelago, About 90 M. From North-west To South-east, And From 3o M. To 4 M. In Breadth. Its Mountains Prolong The Chains Bounding Thessaly To East And South, And Continue South Into Andros, Tenos And Myconos Islands. Three Principal Masses Are ...
Eubulides
Eubulides, A Native Of Miletus, Greek Philosopher And Successor Of Eucleides As Head Of The Megarian School. Indirect Evidence Shows That He Was A Contemporary Of Aristotle, Whom He Attacked. Tradition Says That Demosthenes Was One Of His Pupils. His Name Has Been Preserved Chiefly By Some Celebrated, Though False ...
Eubulus
Eubulus, Of Anaphlystus, Athenian Politician, Was A Per Sistent Opponent Of Demosthenes And Was Chiefly Instrumental In Securing The Acquittal Of Aeschines (who Had Been His Own Clerk) When Accused Of Treachery. Eubulus Took Little Interest In Military Affairs, And Was (at Any Rate At First) A Strong Advocate Of ...
Eubulus_2
Eubulus, Athenian Poet Of The Middle Comedy, Flourished About 370 B.c. Fragments From About 5o Of The 104 Plays At Tributed To Him Are Preserved In Athenaeus. They Show That He Took Little Interest In Political Affairs, But Confined Himself Chiefly To Mythological Subjects, And To Ridicule Of The Tragedians, ...
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus, A Large Genus Of Trees Of The Family Myrta Ceae, Indigenous, With Only A Few Exceptions, To Australia And Tasmania. In Australia The Eucalypti Are Commonly Called "gum Trees" Or "stringy-bark Trees." The Genus, From The Evidence Of Leaf-remains, Appears To Have Been Represented By Several Species In Eocene ...
Eucharis
Eucharis, In Botany, A Genus Of Plants Of The Family Am Aryllidaceae, Containing Six Species, Natives Of Colombia. Eucharis Amazonica Of Egradiflora Is The Best-known And Most Generally Cultivated Species. It Is Bulbous, With Broad-stalked Leaves, And An Erect Scape I To 2 Ft. Long, Bearing An Umbel Of Three ...
Eucharist
Eucharist, One Of The Ancient Titles Of The Central Sacra Mental Rite Of The Christian Church (gr. Eiaapcarai, "thanks Giving") . The Term Is Probably To Be Regarded As The Greek Equivalent Of The Hebrew Berakhah, The Jewish "blessing" Ad Dressed To God At Meals For And Over The Food ...
Euchre
Euchre, A Game Of Cards. The Name Is Supposed By Some To Be A Corruption Of Ecarte, To Which Game It Bears Some Resem Blance; Others Connect It With The Ger. Juchs Or Fox, A Joke, Owing To The Presence In The Pack, Or "deck," Of A Special Card Called ...
Euclase
Euclase, A Rare Mineral, Occasionally Cut As A Gem-stone. Like Beryl, It Is A Silicate Of Beryllium And Aluminium, But Hydro Gen Is Also Present; The Formula Is Or Be(a10h)si0.,. It Crystallizes In The Monoclinic System As Striated Prisms Terminated By Acute Pyramids. Cleavage Is Perfect, Parallel To The Clinopinacoid, ...
Euclid
Euclid (eucleides) (c. B.c.), Founder Of Megarian School Of Philosophy, Born At Megara, And Became A Devoted Disciple Of Socrates. When A Decree Was Passed Forbidding The Megarians To Enter Athens, He And His Friends Withdrew To Megara. It Has Been Conjectured That This Was The Period Of Plato's Resi ...
Euclid_2
Euclid (in Greek Eukleides), Greek Mathematician (fl. About 3oo B.e.), Probably Received His Early Mathematical Training At Athens From The Pupils Of Plato ; But We Know Nothing For Cer Tain Of The Circumstances Of His Life Except That He Taught And Founded A School At Alexandria In The Time ...
Eucratides
Eucratides, King Of Bactria (c. 175-129 B.c.), Came To The Throne By A Rebellion Against The Dynasty Of Euthydemus, Whose Son Demetrius Had Conquered Western India. His Authority Was Challenged By A Great Many Other Pretenders And Greek Dynasts In Sogdiana, Aria (herat), Drangiana (sijistan), Etc., Including Pantaleon, Agathocles, Antimachus, ...
Eudaemonism
Eudaemonism, In Ethics, The Name Applied To Theories Of Morality Which Find The Chief Good Of Man In Some Form Of Hap Piness (from Gr. Ev3acµovia, Literally The State Of Being Under The Protection Of A Benign Spirit, A "good Genius"). The Term Eudae Monia Has Been Taken In A ...
Eudemos Of Rhodes
Eudemos Of Rhodes, Pupil Of Aristotle, Whose Meta Physics And Physics He Revised. The Eudemian Ethics Was Prob Ably Not Meant As An Original Work, But As An Edition Of A Course On Ethics By Aristotle. Eudemos Gives A Theological Turn To The Doctrines Of His Master And Regards Reason ...
Eudocia Augusta
Eudocia Augusta (c. 4o1–c. 46o), The Wife Of Theo Dosius Ii., East Roman Emperor, Was Born In Athens, The Daugh Ter Of The Sophist Leontius. The Masterful Pulcheria, Sister Of The Emperor Theodosius And Co-empress, Selected Her For His Wife. She Was Baptized And Changed Her Name—athenais—to Eudocia, And Married ...
Eudocia Macrembolitissa
Eudocia Macrembolitissa (c. 1021-1096), Daugh Ter Of John Macrembolites, Was The Wife Of The Byzantine Emperor Constantine X. After His Death (1067), To Protect Her Infant Son And To Enable The Menace Of The Turks On The Eastern Frontier To Be Met, She Married Romanus Diogenes And Made Him Regent. ...
Eudoxia Lopukhina
Eudoxia Lopukhina (1669-1731), Tsaritsa, First Con Sort Of Peter The Great, Was The Daughter Of The Boyarin Theo Dore Lopukhin. Peter, Then A Youth Of 17, Married Her On Jan. 27, At The Command Of His Mother. The Marriage Was In Every Way Unfortunate. Accustomed From Her Infancy To The ...
Eudoxus
Eudoxus Of Cnidus, Greek Savant, Probably Lived From 408 To 355 B.c. It Is Chiefly As A Mathematician And Astronomer That His Name Has Come Down To Us (see Astronomy, History). From A Life By Diogenes Laertius, We Learn That He Studied At Athens Under Plato, But, Being Dismissed Went ...
Eudoxus_2
Eudoxus Of Cyzicus (fl. C. 130 B.c.), Greek Navigator, Was Employed By Ptolemy Euergetes To Command A Fleet Exploring The Arabian Sea. After Two Successful Voyages, Eudoxus Left The Egyptian Service, And Proceeded To Cadiz To Fit Out An Expedition For African Discovery. Strabo Says That He Made At Least ...
Eufaula
Eufaula, A City Of Barbour County, Ala., U.s.a., In The South-eastern Part Of The State, On The Chattahoochee River. It Is Served By The Central Of Georgia Railway And By River Steam Ers. The Population Was 4,939 In 1920 (54% Negroes) And Was 5,208 In 1930 By The Federal Census. ...
Eugene Of Savoy
Eugene Of Savoy (francois Eugene), Prince (1663 1736), Fifth Son Of Prince Eugene Maurice Of Savoy-carignano, Count Of Soissons, And Of Olympia Mancini, Niece Of Cardinal Mazarin, Was Born In Paris On Oct. 18, 1663. Originally Destined For The Church, Eugene Desired To Enter The Army, But His Mother Had ...
Eugene
Eugene, A City Of Western Oregon, U.s.a., At The Head Of Navigation On The Willamette River, 125m. S. Of Portland; The County Seat Of Lane County And The Seat Of The State University. It Is At The Intersection Of Federal Highways 28 And 99; Is Served By The Oregon Electric ...
Eugenics
Eugenics, A Word Coined By The Late Sir Francis Galton In 1885 And Derived From The Greek E&yevrls, "well Born." The Latest Definition Of The Term Given By Galton Runs As Follows : "eugenics Is The Study Of Agencies Under Social Control Which May Improve Or Impair The Racial Qualities ...
Eugenius I
Eugenius I., Pope From 654 To 6s7. Elected On The Banish Ment Of Martin I. By The Emperor Constans Ii., And At The Height Of The Monothelite Crisis, He Showed Greater Deference Than His Predecessor To The Emperor's Wishes, And Made No Public Stand Against The Patriarchs Of Constantinople, Though ...
Eugenius Ii
Eugenius Ii., Pope, A Native Of Rome, Succeeded Pascal I. In 824. He Was The Candidate Of The Nobles, . And The Clerical Faction Brought Forward A Competitor. But The Monk Wala, The Representative Of The Emperor Lothair, Succeeded In Securing The Election Of Eugenius. Lothair, However, Took Advantage Of ...
Eugenius Iii
Eugenius Iii. (bernardo Paganelli), Pope From Feb. 15, To July 8, 1153, Native Of Pisa, Was Abbot Of The Cistercian Monastery Of St. Anastasius At Rome When He Succeeded Lucius Ii. Immediately After His Election, The Roman Senators Demanded The Pope's Renunciation Of Temporal Power. He Refused And Fled To ...
Eugenius Iv
Eugenius Iv. (gabriel Condulmieri Or Coldumario), Pope March 3, 1431 To Feb. 23, Was Born At Venice. He Entered The Celestine Order, And His Uncle, Gregory Xii., Ap Pointed Him Bishop Of Siena, Papal Treasurer, Protonotary, Car Dinal-priest Of S. Marco E St. Clemente, And Later Cardinal-priest Of S. Maria ...
Eugenol
Eugenol, An Odoriferous Principle, The Chief Constituent Of Oil Of Cloves, And Occurring In Many Other Essential Oils. Structur Ally It Is Allyl Guaiacol, C10h12o2. It Can Be Synthetically Prepared By The Reduction Of Coniferyl Alcohol, Which Occurs In Combination With Glucose In The Glucoside Coni Ferin, C16h22o8. It Is ...
Eugippius Or Eugypius
Eugippius Or Eugypius (c. Abbot Of Lucullanum Near Naples, Was Born At Carthage And Studied In Rome Under St. Severin, Whose Biography He Wrote. He Also Com Piled Thesaurus Augustinianeus. His Opera Are Edited In The Corpus Script. Eccl. Lat. Vol. Ix. And In Migne's Patrol. Lat. Vol. 62. ...
Eulalius
Eulalius (d. 423), Anti-pope In 418 In Opposition To Boni Face I. (q.v.). The Rivalry Led To The First Interference Of The Tem Poral Authorities In Papal Elections, And Eulalius Was Ultimately Banished To Campania. See Liber Ponti Ficalis, Vol. I. Ed. Duchesne (paris, 1886) And Jaffe, Regesta Romanorum Pontificum, ...
Euler Numbers Or Eulerian
Euler Numbers Or Eulerian Numbers, Are The Coefficients Of The Expansion: They Were So Named By The German Mathematician Scherk After The Man Who First Discovered Their Significance In Analysis. Al Though Not Of Such Wide Application As The Bernouilli Num Bers, They Are Interesting On Account Of Their Intimate ...
Eumenes
Eumenes, The Name Of Two Rulers Of Pergamum. I. Eumenes I. Succeeded His Uncle Philetaerus In 263 B.c. The Only Important Event In His Reign Was His Victory Near Sardis Over Antiochus Soter, Which Enabled Him To Secure Possession Of The Districts Round His Capital. (see Pergamum.) 2. Eumenes Ii., ...
Eumenes_2
Eumenes (c. B.e.), Macedonian General, Was A Native Of Cardia In The Thracian Chersonesus. He Was Employed As Private Secretary By Philip Ii. Of Macedon, And Later By Alexander The Great, Whom He Accompanied Into Asia. In The Division Of The Empire On Alexander's Death, Cappadocia And Paphlagonia Were Assigned ...
Eumenides
Eumenides, Ancient Goddesses, Also Called Semnai ("rev Erend Ones") Worshipped At The Foot Of The Areiopagus At Athens, At Colonus, And In Places Outside Attica. Their Cult Closely Resembled That Of Ge (earth), And They Were Probably Earth Spirits, Largely Concerned With Fertility, But Having Also Certain Moral And Social ...
Eumenius
Eumenius (c. A.d. 260-311), One Of The Roman Panegyrists, Was Born At Augustodunum (autun) In Gallia Lugdunensis. He Was Of Greek Descent. He Became Magister Memoriae (private Secretary) To Constantius Chlorus. In 296 Chlorus Determined To Restore The Famous Schools (scholae Maenianae) Of Autun, And Appointed Eumenius To The Management ...
Eumolpus
Eumolpus. The Priestly Clan Of The Eumolpidae At Eleu Sis (see Mystery) Claimed Descent From A Certain Eumolpus ("good Or Strong Singer;" I.e., Priest Who Can Chant His Litanies Clearly And Well), An Obvious Personification Of Their Hereditary Functions. As Might Be Expected In The Case Of So Shadowy A ...
Eunomius
Eunomius (d. C. 393) , A Leader Of The Extreme Or "ano Moian" Arians, Sometimes Called Eunomians, Was Born At Dacora, Cappadocia, Early In The 4th Century. He Studied At Alexandria And Was Ordained Deacon At Antioch. Through Eudoxius He Was Appointed Bishop Of Cyzicus In 36o, But Eudoxius Was ...
Eunuch Flute Or Onion
Eunuch Flute Or Onion Flute, A Wind Instrument In Use During The 16th And 17th Centuries, Producing Music Akin To The Comb-music Of The Nursery, And Still Manufactured As A Toy (mirliton). It Consists Of A Wooden Tube Widening Out Slightly To Form A Bell And Closed At Its Upper ...
Eunuch
Eunuch, A Castrated Human Male. From Remote Antiquity Among The Orientals, As Also At A Later Period In Greece, Eunuchs Were Employed To Take Charge Of The Women, Or Generally As Chamberlains. Their Confidential Position In The Harems Of Princes Frequently Enabled Them To Exercise An Important Influence Over Their ...
Euonymus
Euonymus, In Botany, A Genus Of Deciduous Or Evergreen Shrubs Or Small Trees Of The Staff-tree Family (celastraceae) . It Comprises Upwards Of 1 Oo Species, Widely Distributed In The North Temperate Zone, And Represented In Great Britain By E. Europaeus, The Spindle-tree. It Is A Shrub Or Small Tree ...
Eupalinus
Eupalinus, Of Megara, A Greek Architect, Who Constructed For The Tyrant Polycrates Of Samos A Tunnel Under A Hill To Bring Water To The City. This Aqueduct Still Exists, And Is One Of The Most Remarkable Constructions In Greece. (see Aqueducts.) ...
Eupatoria
Eupatoria, A Seaport On The West Coast Of The Crimean A.s.s.r., 20 M. North-west Of Simferopol, On A Sandy Promontory On The North Of Kalamita Bay, In Lat. 45° 15' N., Long. E. The Town Is Also Known As Kozlov. Pop. (1926) 23,341. This Number Includes Many Jews, The Karaite ...
Eupatorium
Eupatorium, A Numerous Genus Of Plants Of The Family Compositae, Comprising More Than Soo Species, Nearly All Ameri Can And Found Chiefly In Tropical South America, The West Indies And Mexico. They Are Mostly Perennial Herbs, A Few Are Annuals, And Many Tropical Species Are Shrubby Or Tree-like. The Leaves ...
Eupatridae
Eupatridae, The Ancient Nobility Of Attica (the Greek Word Means "sons Of Noble Fathers"). Tradition Ascribes To The Seus, Whom It Regards As The Author Of The Synoecism (dvvoeciopos), The Union Of Attica Round Athens As A Political Centre, The Division Of The Attic Population Into Three Classes, Eupatridai, Geomoroi, ...
Eupen And Malmedy
Eupen And Malmedy, Two Districts Acquired By Bel Gium From Rhenish Prussia In 1919, With The Small District Of Moresnet. The Latter, By An Oversight In The Treaty Of Vienna In 1815 Was Not Assigned To Either Belgium Or Prussia, And Part Of It Therefore Remained Neutral Territory Between The ...
Euphemism
Euphemism, A Figure Of Speech In Which An Unpleasant Or Coarse Phrase Is Replaced By A Softer Or Less Offensive Expression. A Euphemism Has Sometimes A Metaphorical Sense, As In The Sub Stitution Of The Word "sleep" For "death." ...
Euphonium
Euphonium. A Modern Band Wind Instrument. It Has Three Or More Valves Or Pistons With A Slightly Larger Bore Than The B B Baritone Horn. The Euphonium Is Pitched An Octave Lower Than The B B Cor Net And Has An Effective Range Of Nearly Three Octaves. The Tone Is ...
Euphorbia
Euphorbia, In Botany, A Large Genus Of Plants From Which The Family Euphorbiaceae Takes Its Name. It Includes About 75o Species And Is Of Almost World-wide Distribution. It Is Repre Sented In Great Britain And North America By The Spurges— Small, Generally Smooth, Herbaceous Plants With Simple Leaves And Inconspicuous ...
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, In Botany, A Large Family Of Flower Ing Plants, Containing 2 20 Genera With About 4,00o Species, Chiefly Tropical, But Spreading Over The Whole Earth With The Exception Of The Arctic And Cold Alpine Zones. They Are Represented In Great Britain And North America Chiefly By The Spurges (euphorbia, ...
Euphorbium
Euphorbium, An Acrid Dull-yellow Or Brown Resin, Con Sisting Of The Concreted Milky Juice Of Several Species Of Euphor Bia, Cactus-like Perennial Plants Indigenous To Morocco. It Dis Solves In Alcohol, Ether, And Turpentine ; In Water It Is Only Slightly Soluble. It Consists Of Two Or More Resins And ...
Euphorbus
Euphorbus, Son Of Panthus, A Trojan Hero, Slain By Menelaus (iliad, Xvii. I-6o). Pythagoras, In Support Of His Doc Trine Of The Transmigration Of Souls, Declared That He Had Once Been This Euphorbus. (horace, Odes, I. 28. Ii.; Diog. Laert. Viii. I.) ...
Euphorion
Euphorion, Greek Poet And Grammarian, Born At Chalcis In Euboea About 275 B.c. He Spent Much Of His Life In Athens, Where He Amassed Great Wealth. About 221 He Was Invited By Antiochus The Great To The Court Of Syria. He Assisted In The Formation Of The Royal Library At ...
Euphranor
Euphranor, Of Corinth (dated By Pliny In 364 B.c.), A Greek Artist Who Excelled Both As A Sculptor And As A Painter. In Pliny We Have Lists Of His Works; Among The Paintings, A Cavalry Battle, A Theseus, And The Feigned Madness Of Odysseus ; Among The Statues, Paris, Leto ...
Euphrates
Euphrates (shatt Al Fara, Frat Su) The Largest River Of Western Asia, And The Western Of The Two Streams Which Flow Through Mesopotamia Into The Persian Gulf. It May Be Divided Into Three Divisions, An Upper, Middle And Lower, The First Extend Ing As Far As Samsat, The Second To ...
Euphronius
Euphronius, A Distinguished Athenian Potter And Vase Painter Of The End Of The Sixth And Beginning Of The Fifth Century B.c. (see Greek Art And Ceramics). Several Vases With His Sig Nature Are Preserved. The Name Of The Artist Who Decorated The Vases Which Euphronius Signed As Potter Is Not ...
Euphrosyne
Euphrosyne (fd. C. 470), A Virgin Of Alexandria, Who, To Escape Marriage, Disguised Herself As A Man And Became A Member Of A Monastic Community. In His Grief Her Father Came To Her For Religious Instruction, But She Did Not Reveal Her Identity Until Just Before Her Death. Her Feast ...
Euphuism
Euphuism, The Peculiar Mode Of Speaking And Writing Brought Into Fashion In England Towards The End Of The Reign Of Elizabeth By The Vogue Of The Fashionable Romance Of Euphues, Published In 1578 By John Lyly. As Early As 157o Ascham In His Schoolmaster Had Said That "euphues" (i.e., A ...
Eupolis
Eupolis (c. 1 B.c.) , Athenian Poet Of The Old Com Edy, Flourished In The Time Of The Peloponnesian War. He Is Said To Have Been Drowned By Alcibiades, Whom He Had Attacked In One Of His Plays, But It Is More Likely That He Died Fighting For His Country. ...
Eupompus
Eupompus, The Founder Of The Great School Of Painting Which Flourished In The 4th Century At Sicyon In Greece. He Was Eclipsed By His Successors, And Is Chiefly Remembered For The Advice Which He Is Said To Have Given To Lysippus To Follow Nature Rather Than Any Master. ...
Eurasian
Eurasian, A Term Originally Used In India To Denote Chil Dren Born Of Hindu Mothers And European (especially Portu Guese) Fathers. Following The Geographical Employment Of The Word Eurasia To Describe The Whole Of The Great Land Mass Of Europe And Asia, Eurasian Is Used Of Persons Born Of Parents ...
Eure
Eure, A Department Of North-western France, Formed In 1790 From A Portion Of The Old Province Of Normandy, Together With The Countship Of Evreux And Part Of Perche. Pop. (1931) Area, 2,33o Sq.m. It Is Bounded North By The Department Of Seine Inf Erieure, West By Calvados, South-west By Orne, ...
Eureka Springs
Eureka Springs, A City Of North-western Arkansas, U.s.a. In The Ozark Mountains, I,500-2,00oft. Above Sea-level; One Of The County Seats Of Carroll County. It Is Served By The Missouri And North Arkansas Railway. The Resident Population Was 2,276 In 1930, But There Is A Transient Population Averaging 3,500 Daily In ...
Eureka
Eureka, A City Of California, U.s.a., 294m. N. By W. Of San Francisco, On Humboldt Bay, 2m. From The Ocean ; A Port Of Entry, The County Seat Of Humboldt County And The Most Western City In The United States. It Is On The Redwood Highway; Is Served By The ...
Eurhythmics
Eurhythmics Is The Term Applied Generally To The Use Of Harmonious Bodily Movement As A Form Of Artistic Expression, And Specifically To Dalcroze's System Of Musical Education Which Is Founded On A Rhythmical Discipline Of Bodily Movements For The Expression Of Time Values. The Present Article Is Restricted To The ...
Euripides
Euripides (c. 484-407), The Third Of The Great Greek Trage Dians, Apart From His Success As A Playwright—he Held The Stage For 60o Years—is A Figure Of Much Significance In Human History. The Date Of His Death Can Be Fixed. He Produced The Orestes In 408 B.c., But Was Dead ...
Euroclydon
Euroclydon, A Stormy Wind Blowing From The North East Or North-north-east In The Eastern Mediterranean (gr. Elpos, East Wind; Kxi&wv, Wave). Where The Authorized Version Of The Bible (acts Xxvii. 14) Mentions Euroclydon, The Revised Version, Taking The Reading Eupakuxwv, Has Euraquilo, Or Northeaster. The Word Is Sometimes Incorrectly Used ...
Europa
Europa (or Europe), In Greek Mythology, According To Homer (iliad, Xiv. 321), The Daughter Of Phoenix Or, In A Later Story, Of Agenor, King Of Phoenicia. The Beauty Of Europa Fired The Love Of Zeus, Who Approached Her In The Form Of A White Bull And Carried Her Away From ...