EUGENIUS III. (Bernardo Paganelli), pope from Feb. 15, to July 8, 1153, native of Pisa, was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of St. Anastasius at Rome when he succeeded Lucius II. Immediately after his election, the Roman senators demanded the pope's renunciation of temporal power. He refused and fled to Farfa, where he was consecrated. By treaty of Dec. 1145 he rec ognized the republic under his suzerainty, substituted a papal prefect for the "patrician" and returned to Rome. The cele brated schismatic, Arnold of Brescia, however, again headed the party opposed to the temporal power of the papacy, re-established the patricianate, and forced the pope to leave Rome. In Jan. I147 Eugenius journeyed to France to further preparations for the Second Crusade and to seek aid in the constant feuds at Rome. After holding synods at Paris, Reims and Trier, he returned to Italy in June 1148, excommunicated Arnold of Brescia in a synod at Cremona, and thenceforth endeavoured to recover his see. Negotiations between Frederick Barbarossa and the Romans en abled Eugenius to return to Rome in Dec. 1152, where he died in the following July. Eugenius exhibited the stoic virtues of monas ticism and was reverenced for his personal character. His tomb in St. Peter's acquired fame for miraculous cures, and he was pro nounced blessed by Pius IX. in 1872.
See his letters in Migne, Patrol. Lat., vols. io6, i8o, 182, and in Bibliothsque de l'Ecole des Chartes, vol. S7 (Paris, 1896) ; the life by Cardinal Boso in J. M. Watterich, Pontif. Roman. vitae, vol. 2 ; and the life by John of Salisbury in Monumenta Germaniae historica. Scriptores, vol. 20 ; J. Lnngen, Gesch. der romischen Kirche von Gregor VII. bis Innocenz I11. (Bonn, 1893) ; F. Gregorovius, Rome in the Middle Ages, vol. 4, trans. by G. W. Hamilton (190o—o2) ; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, Bd. 5, 2nd ed.; Jaffe-Wattenbach, Regesta pontif. Roman. (1885-88) ; M. Jocham, Gesch. des Lebens u. der Verehrung des seligen Papstes Eugen III. (Augsburg, 1873) ; B. Kugler, Analekten zur Gesch. des zweiten Kreuzzugs (Tubingen, 1878-83) .