EUPATORIA, a seaport on the west coast of the Crimean A.S.S.R., 20 m. north-west of Simferopol, on a sandy promontory on the north of Kalamita Bay, in lat. 45° 15' N., long. E. The town is also known as Kozlov. Pop. (1926) 23,341. This number includes many Jews, the Karaite sect having their prin cipal synagogue here. Of its numerous ecclesiastical buildings three are of interest—the synagogue of the Karaite Jews ; one of the mosques, which has fourteen cupolas and was built (1552) after the plan of St. Sophia in Constantinople; and the Greek Catholic cathedral (1898) . The roadstead has a sandy bottom, and is exposed to violent storms from the north-east. It is con nected by a branch line with the main north to south railway. The trade is principally in cereals, skins, cow-hair, felt, tallow and salt. Its industries include the making of machines and chemical products, and the preparation of salt and of dried fish. Eupatoria has some repute as a sea-bathing resort.
According to some authorities it was near this spot that a mili tary post, Eupatorium, was established in the 1st century A.D. by Diophantus, the general of Mithridates the Great, king of Pontus. Towards the end of the 15th century the Turks built the fortress of Gezleveh on the present site, and it became the capital of a khanate. It was occupied by the Russians under Marshal Miinnich in 1736, and in 1771 by Prince Dolgorukov. Its annexation to Russia took place in 1783. In 18J4 the Anglo French troops were landed in the neighbourhood of Eupatoria, and in February 1855 the town was occupied by the Turkish forces.