EXPULSION, the act of removing a person from the mem bership of a body or the holding of an office, or of depriving him of the right of attending a meeting, etc. In Great Britain the House of Commons can by resolution expel a member. Such resolution cannot be questioned by any court of law. But ex pulsion is only resorted to in cases where members are guilty of offences which render them unfit for a seat in the House. It is customary first to order the member, if absent, to attend in his place, before an order is made for his expulsion. (See May, Parliamentary Practice, 1917, p. 61 seq.) Municipal cor porations or other local government bodies have no express power to expel a member, except in such cases where the law declares the member to have vacated his seat, or where power is given by statute to declare the member's seat vacant. In the case of officers and servants of the Crown, tenure varies with the nature of the office. Some officials hold their offices ad vitam aut culpam or dum bene se gesserunt, others can be dismissed at any time and without reason assigned and without compensation. In the case of membership of a voluntary association (club, etc.) the right of expulsion depends upon the rules, and must be exer cised in good faith. Courts of justice have jurisdiction to pre vent the improper expulsion of the member of a voluntary association where that member has a right of property in the association. In the case of meetings, where the meeting is one of a public body, any person not a member of the body is entitled to be present only on sufferance, and may be expelled on a reso lution of the body. In the case of ordinary public meetings those who convene the meeting stand in the position of licensors to those attending and may revoke the licence and expel any person who creates disorder, and by the Public Meeting Act 1908 any person acting in a disorderly way for the purpose of preventing the proceedings is liable to a penalty of f 5 or to one month's im prisonment. (See ALIENS ; NATIONALITY AND NATURALIZATION.) without rights. Stock which is entitled to privileged subscription rights may be sold alone and the rights to subscribe to new stock retained by the seller. Such a sale is known as a sale "ex-rights."