FATEHPUR, a town and district of British India, in the Allahabad division of the United Provinces. The town is 73 m. by rail N.W. of Allahabad. Pop. (1931) 18,947. The district has an area of 1,642 sq.m. It is situated in the extreme south-eastern corner of the Doab or tract of country between the Ganges and the Jumna, which respectively mark its northern and southern boundaries. The central part is almost perfectly level and con sists of highly cultivated land interspersed with tracts impreg nated with saltpetre (usar). A ridge of higher land, forming the watershed of the district, runs along it at an average distance of about 5 m. from the Ganges. The country near the banks of the two rivers is cut up into ravines and nullahs running in all directions, and is almost entirely uncultivable. Besides the Ganges and Jumna the only rivers of importance are the Pandu, a tribu tary of the Ganges, and the Arind and Nun, which both fall into the Jumna.
The tract in which this district is comprised was conquered in 1194 by the Pathans ; but subsequently, after a desperate resistance, it was wrested from them by the Moguls. In 1736 it was overrun by the Mahrattas, who retained possession of it until, in 175o,_ they were ousted by the Pathans of Fatehpur. In 1753 it was reconquered by the nawab of Oudh. In 1765, by a treaty between the East India Company and the nawab, it was made over to the Delhi emperor, who retained it till 1774, when it was again restored to the nawab wazir's dominions. Finally in 1801, the nawab, by treaty, reconveyed it to the Company in commutation of the amount which he had stipulated to pay in return for the defence of his country. In 1931 the population was 688,789. Trade is mainly agricultural, but the town of Fatehpur is noted for the manufacture of ornamental whips, and Jafarganj for artistic curtains.