FERNANDINA, a city of Florida, U.S.A., 36m. N.E. of Jacksonville, on Amelia island (22m. long by i to *n. wide) ; a port of entry and the county seat of N assau county. It is served by the Seaboard Air Line railway and by steamers. The population was 3,078 in 1925 (State census), in 1930. 3,023 Federal census._ The commerce of the harbour (321,184 tons in 1927, valued at $4,797,300) consists largely of exports of phosphate rock to Euro pean ports, domestic receipts of fish and wood and domestic ship ments of petroleum products, shrimp and other sea-foods. The harbour was known to the early explorers of Florida, and the island (called Guale) was continuously occupied by Europeans from 1567, when Menendez built a fort there. It has been under eight flags. When Georgia was founded Oglethorpe placed a mili tary guard on the island, and named it Amelia. About 1762 it was noted for the large indigo plantation of Lord Egmont, and here in 1787, after Florida had been ceded back to Spain, the English settlers embarked for the West Indies. The village of Old Fer nandina, about im. from the present city, was laid out by the Spanish in 1808. During the period of the embargo and non importation acts preceding the war of 1812, the island was a centre for smuggling. For this reason it was invaded and Fernan dina was captured by General George Matthews in 1812. In 1817 it was seized by Gregor MacGregor, a filibuster who had aided the revolting Spanish provinces of South America; and later in the same year by Louis Aury, an adventurer from Texas, who took possession in the name of the Republic of Mexico. Aury was expelled in 1818 by U.S. troops, who held Fernandina in trust for Spain until Florida was finally ceded to the United States in 1821. The Amelia island lighthouse was established in 1836. In 1861 Ft. Clinch, at the entrance to the harbour, was seized by the Confederates and was a centre of blockade-running until captured in 1 862 by a Federal naval force. The city was incorporated in