FERRARI, GIUSEPPE Italian philosopher, historian and politician, was born at Milan on March 7, 1812, and died in Rome on July 2, 1876. After studying law at Pavia, he edited the works of Vico, prefaced by an appreciation (1835). He then went to France and, in 1839, produced his Vico et l'Italie, followed by La Nouvelle Religion de Campanella and La Theorie de l'erreur. In 1840 he was made professor of philosophy at Rochefort, and in 1842 was transferred to Strasbourg. Owing to trouble with the clergy, he returned to Paris and published Idees sur la politique de Platon et d'Aristote, a defence of his theories. From 1849 to 1858 he devoted himself exclusively to writing, publishing L'es Philosophes Salaries, Machiavel juge des revolu tions de notre temps La Federazione repubblicana (1851), La Filoso fia della rivoluzione (1851), L'Italia dopo it colpo di Stato (1852), Histoire des revolutions, ou Guelfes et Gibelins (1858; Ital. trans., 1871—H). In 1859 he returned to Italy, opposed Cavour, and upheld federalism against the policy of a single Italian monarchy. He held chairs of philosophy at Turin, Milan and Rome, and was made senator in May 1876. His other works include Histoire de la raison d'etat, La China e l'Europa, Corso d' istoria degli scrittori politici italiani. A sceptic and phe nomenalist in philosophy, a revolutionist in politics, Ferrari was admired as an orator and as a writer.
See Marro Macchi, Annuario istorico italiano (Milan, ; A. Mazzoleni, Giuseppe Ferrari (Milan, 1877) • C. Werner, Die ital. Philosophie des 19. Jahrh. vol. 3 (Vienna, 1885) ; P. Nicoli, La Monte di G. Ferrari (1902) ; Le Pis Belle Pagine di G. Ferrari (Milan, 1927),