HAWKING IN MODERN ENGLAND The Old Hawking Club.—The survival of falconry in Eng land is due mainly to the influence of the Old Hawking Club. This club was formed by a few gentlemen in 1864 and continued in being until 1925 ; it came to an end for various causes, the first of which was the World War. The principal sport of this club was rook hawking on the Wiltshire downs during the spring, but every description of hawking has also been indulged in. The hawks principally used were passage hawks, and a draft of from eight to ten freshly caught peregrines was annually brought over from Valkenswaard in Holland in the autumn, and trained for rook hawking in the following spring. Some of these, in conjunc tion with eyasses, were flown at partridges and grouse in the autumn. The objects of this club have ever been to promote falconry—first, by keeping up a nrst-ciass estauiismilem secondly, to train lads as falconers under an able man ; and thirdly, by drafting out at the end of each season all but a few favourites, to maintain a supply of well trained hawks.
In addition to the club a few private establishments have always been maintained, where the best traditions of the sport have been kept up. The place of the Old Hawking Club has now been taken by the British Falconers' Club. (D. C. P.) BIBLIOGRAPHY.-Dame Juliana Bernes, The Boke of St. Albans Bibliography.-Dame Juliana Bernes, The Boke of St. Albans (1486, facsimile ed., with an introduction by W. Blades, 1881, and reprint of 1496 ed., with biog. and bibl. notices by J. Haslewood, 1811) ; George Turbervile, The Booke of or Hawking (1575, rev. ed., 161 1) ; A Perfect Booke for Kepinge of Sparhawkes and Goshawkes (c. with introduction and glossary by J. E. Harting 1886) ; C. d'Arcussia, La Fauconnerie de Charles d'Arcussia de Capre, Seigneur d'Esparron de Pallieres (1598, 6th ed. Symon Latham, Latham's Faulconry or the Faulcons Lure and Cure, etc. (1615-18, 3rd ed. 1658) ; Edmund Bert, An Approved Treatise of Hawkes and Hawking (1619, reprinted, with an introduction by J. E. Harting in Quaritch's reprints, Quarto Series, No. 6. 1891) ; Sir J. S. Sebright, Observations on Hawking (1826) ; H. Schlegel and A. H. V. Wulverhorst, Traite de Fauconnerie (Leyden and Dusseldorf 1844 53) ; G. E. Freeman and F. H. Salvin, Falconry; its Claims, History and Practice (1859) ; G. E. Freeman, Practical Falconry (1869) ; F. H. Salvin and W. Brodwick, Falconry in the British Isles (end ed., rev. 1873) ; J. E. Harting, Bibliotheca Accipitraria, A Catalogue of books ancient and modern relating to Falconry (1891) ; G. Lascelles, Falconry (1892) , The Badminton Library series (1885-1902) ; E. B. Michell, The Art and Practice of Hawking (190o) ; The Baz-Nama Yi-Nasira, A Persian treatise on falconry (trans. by D. C. Phillot, 1908).