FABRIZI, NICOLA (1804-1885), Italian patriot, was born at Modena on April 4, 1804. He took part in the Modena insur rection of 1831, and attempted to succour Ancona, but was ar rested at sea and taken to Toulon, whence he proceeded to Mar seilles. Afterwards he organized with Mazzini the ill-fated Savoy expedition. Taking refuge in Spain, he fought against the Carlists, and was decorated for valour on the battlefield (July 18, 1837). At the end of the Carlist war he established a centre of con spiracy at Malta, endeavoured to dissuade Mazzini from the Bandiera enterprise, but aided Crispi in organizing the Sicilian revolution of 1848. He took part in the defence of Venice and of San Pancrazio. Upon the fall of Rome he returned to Malta, accumulating arms and stores, which he conveyed to Sicily, after having, in 1859, worked with Crispi to prepare the Sicilian revolu tion of 186o. While Garibaldi was sailing from Genoa towards Marsala Fabrizi landed at Pizzolo, and, of ter severe fighting, joined Garibaldi at Palermo. Under the Garibaldian dictatorship he was appointed governor of Messina and minister of war. Re turning to Malta after the Neapolitan plebiscite, which he had vainly endeavoured to postpone, he was recalled to aid Cialdini in suppressing brigandage. While on his way to Sicily in 1862, to induce Garibaldi to give up the Aspromonte enterprise, he was arrested at Naples by Lamarmora. During the war of 1866 he became Garibaldi's chief of staff, and in 1867 fought at Mentana. In parliament he endeavoured to promote agreement between the chiefs of the Left, and from 1878 onwards worked to secure the return of Crispi to power, but died on March 31, 1885, two years before the realization of his object. His life was characterized by ardent patriotism and unimpeachable integrity. (H. W. S.)