GALLAND, ANTOINE (1646-1715), French Orientalist and archaeologist and first European translator of the Arabian Nights, was born on April 4, 1646, at Rollot (Somme) . After working on a catalogue of the Oriental manuscripts at the Sor bonne, he made between 167o and 168o several visits to the Levant, studying historical monuments and inscriptions, and was made "antiquary to the King." While living at Caen he began the publication (12 vols., 1704-1717) of Les mille et une nuits, which is still the standard French translation. In 1701 Galland had been admitted into the Academy of Inscriptions, and in 1709 was appointed to the chair of Arabic in the College de France.
Besides a number of archaeological works, especially Bibliography.—Besides a number of archaeological works, especially in the department of numismatics, he published a compilation from the Arabic, Persian and Turkish, entitled Paroles remarquables, bons mots et maximes des orientaux (1694, Eng. trans. 1795) ; and a translation from an Arabic manuscript, De l'origine et du progres du café (1699) . His Contes et fables indiennes de Bidpai et de Lokman was published (1724) after his death. Among his numerous unpub lished mss. are a translation of the Koran and a Histoire generale des empereurs turcs. See Journal d'A.G. pendant son sejour a Constantinople, 1672-1673, ed. C. Schefer (1881) ; and Journal parisien d'A.Galland, 1708-1715, with his Autobiography, 1646-1715 (1919).
